disaster Management. Disaster management is how we deal with the human, material, economic or environmental impacts of said disaster

Disaster management is how we deal with the human, material, economic or environmental impacts of said disaster, it is the process of how we “prepare for, respond to and learn from the effects of major failures”. Though often caused by nature, disasters can have human origins.

1. Disaster Management
Fuldisia Dilawar

2. Disaster risk management
Disaster management can be defined as the
effective organization, direction and utilization
of available counter-disaster resources
The modern view is that there must be pre-
disaster mitigation measures to avoid or
reduce impact of disasters. Pre-disaster
measures to prevent or mitigate disasters are
called Risk Management

3. What is Management?
Management consists of decision-making activities
undertaken by one or more individuals to direct and
coordinate the activities of other people in order to
achieve results, which could not be accomplished by
any one person acting alone.
Management is required when two or more persons
combine their efforts and resources to accomplish a
goal, which neither can accomplish alone.

4. What is disaster risk management?
Disaster risk management includes administrative
decisions and operational activities that involve
Prevention
Mitigation
Preparedness
Response
Recovery and
Rehabilitation.

5. Disaster risk management involves all
levels of government.
Nongovernmental and community-based
organizations play a vital role in the process.

6. Traditional model-DM cycle
The traditional approach to disaster
management has been to regard it as a
number of phased sequences of action or a
continuum.
These can be represented as a cycle.

8. Expand-contract model
In this model, disaster management is seen
as a continuous process.
There is a series of activities that run parallel
to each other rather than as a sequence.

9. The Disaster Crunch Model
It is a framework for understanding and explaining
the causes of disaster and adopts a cause-effect
perspective. It is a pressure model. Vulnerability
(pressure) is seen as rooted in socio-economic and
political processes.
These have to be addressed (released) for disaster risk
reduction.
The model reveals a progression of vulnerability. It
begins with underlying causes in society that prevents
satisfying demands of the people.

10. Continued…
The low-income people may occupy land with
low demand that may be disaster-prone.
They may not have the income to adhere to
safe practices and building codes. They may
not have proper sanitary conditions, water
supply and other utilities. The local
governments may come under pressure to
provide them but would be unable to do so.

11. Continued…..
But these are dynamic communities that grow
and change adding more and more pressure
on limited resources. They may show low
literacy rates, lack of awareness of disaster
potential or preparedness, lack of proper
health care which decrease strength to
withstand disaster impact, malnutrition, lack
of training for livelihoods, disaster prone
housing etc.

12. Risk Management
The process, by which assessed risks are
mitigated, minimized or controlled through
engineering, management of land use practices or
other operational means.
This involves the optimal allocation of available
resources in support of group goals.

13. The technocratic view for managing the risk
Problem-Physicalvulnerability
Symptoms asperceived-Highdeathtolland
damagesofinfrastructureattributedtoseverityof
hazard,extensiveandrecurrentrehabilitationneeds
Causes-Uncontrolledcharacteristicsofhazard
events,Physiographyofthepronearea,Lackof
inadequacyofprotectiveinfrastructure,Failureof
forecastingandwarnings

14. View of the development planners
for managing the Risk
Change the emphasis on structural mitigation
programs aimed at physical protection and the
over reliance on technology solutions.
• Initiate action to reduce the exposure of
population to hazard events through advance
planning of land use
• Building up more resources of the most
vulnerable sections of community.
• Create credit facilities,opportunities to borrow
money,create capital investments
opportunities
• Promote more initiatives for risk transfer

15. Human alteration of the natural land features
It may be contributing to hazards that are
more intense and
frequent by disrupting the balance of
nature.
This slide, shows a diagram of runoff in
an area with natural land
features that help to reduce the
destructive effects of flooding

16. Human Impact on the Human Impact on the
Environment
Many benefits of a natural landscape are
lost or modified as development takes
place.

17. All disasters are emergencies
Not all emergencies are
necessary to be converted to
disasters

18. Risk Management Process
• Risk management has three components.
–Risk identification
–Risk reduction
–Risk transfer

19. Continued…
Risk identification has to be done through mapping and using other
available technological options.
• It is usual to allocate risk management to a special body at national
level. Usually it is a National Disaster Management
Organization (NDMO) at national level.Others support should be
obtained within a National Action Plan for DM
• At local level it may be the responsibility of a Disaster Mitigation
Committee, which administers risk management.
This varies in different countries depending on administrative
patterns and needs.

20. Risk Transfer
Effective risk transfer involves different tools
such as insurance,tax policies,special
measures focused on land management.
Organizational structure,policies,legislation
etc. is required for effective implementation of
risk transfer strategies for a country or local
government area.

21. Risk reduction
Effective risk reduction involves mitigation
measures in hazard prone areas.
• It may also involve overcoming the
socioeconomic, institutional and political
barriers to the adoption of effective risk
reduction strategies and measures in
developing countries.

22. By managing risk, we may prevent
disasters
HOW?

23. Understand behavior ofhazards
Reduce Vulnerabilities
Reduce the possibility for
exposure
Increase / Improve Readiness (Capacity,
Capability,Efficiency, Effectiveness)
Mitigate the impact of hazards

24. Disaster Risk Management
Objective is to achieve sustainability in development
process.
A conceptual framework for understanding risk
(hazard, vulnerability & readiness)
Series of interconnected initiatives at all levels at all
times
Complex process involving diverse stakeholders
Implemented by multidisciplinary team working with
the community with many vulnerabilities to hazards
through a mutually agreed planning
process
Call for an attitudinal change in managing risk.

25. Where support is needed and what support is needed
Assist in the transfer of state-of-the-art technology
Assist in the capacity-building of stakeholders to improve
their ability to identify and treat disaster problems at local
government level
Conduct and facilitate research to introduce innovative
and novel ideas to suit different landscapes and to
facilitate demonstrations of their effectiveness
Advocate appropriate legal, financial and policy
frameworks for urban disaster mitigation

26. Continued…
Organize regional forums to facilitate discussions,
draw lessons and to provide an analytical view point
on areas for improvement as an independent body
Clearing house for DRM related information, to
collect, collate and package the best experiences for
dissemination
Technical guidance to establish organized
approaches for risk management

27. Thank you