Disaster Resilient Community Shelter.pptx

short presentation on how to choose a best site for the construction of community shelter

1. Enhancing Community Strength: An In-Depth Analysis of Creating and Operating a Disaster-Resilient Evacuation Center in Malolos City, Bulacan.

2. INTRODUCTION

3. Every year, the Philippines experiences 20 typhoons on average, the strongest of which arrive between July and October and have the potential to cause disastrous floods and landslides. The Philippines' location in the Pacific Ocean's typhoon belt and ring of fire, where frequent earthquakes and volcanic eruptions occur, is another factor contributing to its high risk and susceptibility. The county is more vulnerable to disasters due to its poverty and lack of progress (United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction, 2023). The most catastrophic typhoon in recent history was Typhoon Yolanda or Haiyan in 2013, causing over 95 billion Philippine pesos in financial damages. In addition, about 7,000 people were reported dead, and nearly 30,000 went missing (Christy B. 2024). The Philippine province of Bulacan contains Malolos City, which is situated 42 kilometers northeast of Manila, the capital city and is easily accessible to all types of vehicles using the two major transportation arteries, namely, North Luzon Expressway and MacArthur Highway (City Government of Malolos, 2023). Based on the updated flooding hazard prepared by MGB, the City of Malolos is prone to three levels of flooding susceptibility. The coastal municipalities along Manila Bay and topographically low-lying areas of the city are highly susceptible to more than one (1) up to two (2) meter of flood waters. These areas are usually flooded for several hours during heavy rains aggravated by high tide (Malolos City Government, 2022). Based on a study conducted by Malolos City Government (2022), nearly all the 51 barangays in the City of Malolos is vulnerable to floods, with exposure levels varying from low to high depending on the area. Flooding is often limited to the coastal and low-lying areas that are governed by geography. High tide and overflow from the silted river or stream typically harm residential buildings that are close to the water.

4. Furthermore, in accordance with the data of Malolos City government (2022), a population of 76,503 in 44 barangays is impacted by areas highly prone to flooding, while 7 barangays with 1,481 people are affected by areas moderately prone to flooding. Malolos has put in place several policies throughout the years to lessen the consequences of natural disasters, with an emphasis on preparedness and flood control. Despite these efforts, the city continues to experience significant flooding events, underscoring the ongoing challenges in managing natural hazards in a rapidly urbanizing environment. The recurrent flooding pattern seen in Malolos City emphasizes the necessity of continuous enhancements in flood management and preparedness for disasters. Establishing a haven for the citizen of Malolos can contribute to protection and mitigation during and after typhoon. Based on a data of Malolos City government (2022), out of 58 evacuation centers in Malolos, there are only two (2) permanent evacuation and two (2) physical shelter structures while the rest of them are temporary and not ideally designed as an evacuation center such as school, and covered court. To ensure the safety and well-being of its residents, it's crucial to understand the causes of flooding and evaluate the effectiveness of current solutions, requiring adaptable strategies and greater community engagement.

5. RATIONALE

6. Given that there is huge number of affected populations in Malolos Bulacan every time the typhoon and other disaster hit the province, the researcher finds the needs to develop a disaster resilient community shelter that will address the Geographical Vulnerability, the city is prone to three levels of flooding susceptibility, particularly in coastal and low-lying areas. Flooding Susceptibility, coastal municipalities along Manila Bay and low-lying areas are highly susceptible to floods. Impact on Communities, nearly all 51 barangays in Malolos are vulnerable to floods, with varying exposure levels. High tide and silted rivers exacerbate flooding, impacting residential areas. Disaster Management Efforts, Malolos has implemented policies focusing on preparedness and flood control. Despite these efforts, significant flooding events continue, highlighting the need for ongoing improvements in flood management and disaster preparedness. Evacuation Centers, out of 58 evacuation centers, only four are permanent or physical shelter structures. The majority are temporary and not ideally designed for evacuation purposes, such as schools and covered courts. To ensure the safety and well-being of Malolos residents, it is crucial to understand the causes of flooding and evaluate the effectiveness of current solutions. This requires adaptable strategies and greater community engagement to enhance flood management and disaster preparedness.

7. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

8. Main Problem Considering that all 51 barangays are affected, a total population of 77,984 has been impacted by flooding. How will the research provide an effective design that prioritizes the safety of evacuees throughout their time in the community shelter? Sub Problems • How to mitigate the impact of natural disasters? • What is the most effective method in building community shelter? • How can space be used to accommodate many families while maintaining comfort and privacy? • How can the shelter be made accessible to everyone, including the elderly and those with disabilities?

9. GOAL & OBJECTIVES

10. GOAL The goal of this study is to design a community shelter that can withstand local disaster risks, such as typhoons, earthquakes, and flood. Accessible and inclusive for everyone, Ensuring the shelter is accessible to everyone, including people with disabilities, the elderly, and children. OBJECTIVES To mitigate the impact of natural disasters. To identify the most effective method in building community shelter. To identify the spaces that can be used to accommodate families while ensuring both comfort and privacy. To build a shelter that is accessible to all community members, including those with disabilities, the elderly, and children.

11. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

12. Social This study will enhance Community Trust When residents see that their safety is a priority, it builds trust in local authorities and emergency management systems. This trust is crucial for ensuring cooperation during emergencies. It Improves Mental Health, knowing that there are safe, well-designed shelters available can reduce anxiety and stress among community members, both during and outside of disaster events. It Strengthened Social Bonds, evacuation centers can serve as communal spaces where people come together, share experiences, and support each other. This can strengthen social bonds and foster a sense of community. Involving community members in the planning and operation of evacuation centers can empower them, giving them a sense of ownership and responsibility for their own safety.

13. Evacuees This study will help evacuees to Increased Safety and Security, Well-designed evacuation centers provide a safe haven during disasters, reducing the risk of injury or harm to evacuees. Access to Essential Services, these centers are equipped with necessary resources such as food, water, medical supplies, and sanitation facilities, ensuring that evacuees’ basic needs are met. Psychological Comfort, knowing that there is a secure place to go during emergencies can alleviate stress and anxiety, providing psychological comfort to evacuees. Support for Vulnerable Populations, effective design ensures that the needs of vulnerable groups, such as the elderly, children, and people with disabilities, are addressed, providing them with appropriate support and accommodations. Community Support and Solidarity, evacuation centers can foster a sense of community and solidarity among evacuees, as they share experiences and support each other during difficult times. Improved Health Outcomes by providing a clean and safe environment, these centers help prevent the spread of diseases and ensure better health outcomes for evacuees.

14. Government This study provides significant benefits for local government. This study will help the LGU to enhanced public safety, ensuring that evacuation centers are well-designed and resilient directly contributes to the safety and well-being of the community, reducing casualties and injuries during disasters. Efficient resource allocation, by understanding the best practices for designing and operating these centers, local governments can optimize the use of resources, ensuring that funds are spent effectively and efficiently. Improved Disaster Response, well-designed evacuation centers can streamline disaster response efforts, making it easier for emergency services to coordinate and provide aid to those in need. Increased community trust, demonstrating a commitment to public safety through the development of robust evacuation centers can build trust between the community and local government, fostering a cooperative relationship. Compliance with regulations, studying and implementing effective designs ensures that evacuation centers meet national and international safety standards, helping local governments comply with legal and regulatory requirements. Investing in disaster-resilient infrastructure contributes to the long-term resilience of the community, making it better prepared for future disasters and reducing the overall risk.

15. CHAPTER II – REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

16. The needs of Disaster-Resilient evacuation center Evacuation centers will be set up in every city and town to provide temporary shelter for people displaced by disasters, emergencies, or other life-threatening events (Philippine Senate, 2023). The city of Malolos, Bulacan has an existing of 58 evacuation centers, one of which is a regional evacuation center that can accommodate 250 individuals and 60 families. The majority of evacuation centers in Malolos, Bulacan are schools, with capacities ranging from 15 to 1,500 individuals (Malolos City Government, 2022). However, there are still recorded cases of schools being flooded in Malolos, Bulacan, as reported by GMA news in 2018 that children at an elementary school in Barangay Santisima Trinidad, Malolos, Bulacan, had to walk through dirty floodwaters to reach their classrooms. After classes were canceled, students who were already at school had to exit their classrooms by walking on tables and chairs. According to the study of Estacio, M. R. (2022), the Caingin Elementary School compound faces high tides and flooding during rainy days, leading to class cancellations and disruptions. These floods also pose risks to the health and safety of students, teachers, and staff. We cannot ensure that the school can be said to be safe if it is also prone to disasters such as floods, in such scenarios, selecting the appropriate location for the structure is crucial, as one of the primary functions of the evacuation center is to ensure the safety and provide shelter for individuals during and after disasters. The evacuation center must be strategically situated within the community and should not be susceptible to isolation. It must be positioned at a safe distance from any danger zones or hazards (Philippine Senate, 2023).

17. Effective Strategies and Design In 2022, the Philippines saw a notable rise in its risk index, underscoring the major challenge of cascading disasters, where one disaster delays recovery before the next one hits. This makes it essential to take preemptive action. Shifting from reactive to anticipatory strategies is crucial for disaster resilience. Anticipatory technologies allow for proactive planning ahead of upcoming hazards, helping to minimize the impact and risk of disasters. This change leads to quicker and more efficient responses and recoveries (Ateneo de Manila University, 2021). The concept of risk in buildings, regardless of their size, has always been integral to design, construction, and maintenance. Common practices in the field show that building codes, regulations, and standards often address and adapt to the effects of climate change on both urban and rural areas ( Suhardi et. al. 2023). Federal Emergency Management Agency (2021) claimed that based on the study of Building Code Save, an analysis found that cities and counties with modern building codes have prevented at least $132 billion in losses from natural disasters over a 20-year period. Communities with up-to-date building codes are better protected against these hazards. Another thing that we should be concerned about when we design an evacuation is the comfort and well-being of a person, how an individual can move freely and conveniently in a space. As stated in the memorandum paper formed by the (Department of Social Welfare and Development [DSWD], 2021), with a guide of Sphere Standard, in consider physical distancing of accommodation areas the space indicate a minimum of 3.5 square meter of living space per person. There must be a clean and proper flow of water and other basic needs of an individual to survive.

18. SITE SELECTION CRITERIA

19. SWOT ANALYSIS

20. SITE C S (Strength) W (Weakness) O (Opportunities) T (Threats) Considerable distance from the coastal region Narrow road entry Low-proximity to essential services Facilities and storage that are essential for rescue can be built in case of flooding. Area susceptible to flooding

21. SITE A S (Strength) W (Weakness) O (Opportunities) T (Threats) The site is positioned in a high area and is in the category of low susceptible flooding The site is close to structures where supplies and relief goods arrive, like Malolos City Hall and Barangay. The site is connected to the major road Mc Arthur highway can be a busy road, and traffic congestion might occur during transport of goods. Other essential facilities can be built due to its large lot area. Electrical poles in the city may collapse during a disaster. SITE B S (Strength) W (Weakness) O (Opportunities) T (Threats) The site is connected to the major road. Traffic congestion might occur Flood-prone area Low-proximity to essential services Facilities and storage that are essential for rescue can be built in case of flooding. May enter and experience a flood if a structure is built. Not ideal for individuals and families to be evacuated from flooding

22. REFERENCES:

23. https://daneshyari.com/article/preview/992558.pdf https://www.shareweb.ch/site/DRR/Documents/About%20Us/Risk_Assessment_Philippines_2014.pdf https://maloloscity.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/City-of-Malolos-DRRM-Plan-2022-2026.pdf https://maloloscity.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/City-of-Malolos-Hydromet-CP-2022-Edition.pdf https://www.preventionweb.net/news/vulnerable-philippines-working-towards-climate-adaptation https://www.statista.com/topics/5845/natural-disasters-in-the-philippines-at-a-glance/#topicOverview https://climateknowledgeportal.worldbank.org/country/philippines/vulnerability https://www.facebook.com/rtvmalacanang/videos/situation-briefing-on-typhoon-affected-areas-in-bulacan/1030550648113277/ https://www.fmreview.org/wadley/#:~:text=Hard%20interventions%20refer%20to%20physical%20shelter%20structures%20and%20include%20strengthening%20their%20resilience,disaster%2Dresilient%20structures. https://disasterphilanthropy.org/resources/shelter/ https://buildgreennh.com/eco-friendly-emergency-shelters-sustainability-in-disaster-response/ https://journalsenseofplace.com/index.php/tjsop/article/view/12 https://www.treehugger.com/essential-homes-low-carbon-emergency-shelters-by-norman-foster-and-holcim-7503655 https://www.ijsred.com/volume7/issue3/IJSRED-V7I3P178.pdf https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11069-022-05789-8 https://www.fema.gov/sites/default/files/documents/fema_improving-public-messaging-for-evacuation-and-shelter-in-place-companion-slide-library_slide-deck. https://www.humanitarianlibrary.org/resource/building-safe-spaces-community-practical-guide-constructing-disaster-resilient-communitypdf

24. RRL’S Internationals https://ndmo.gov.vu/images/download/EvacCentres/Evacuation%20Centres%20Guidelines.pdf https://www.unicef.org/philippines/media/476/file/Building%20Safe%20Spaces%20for%20the%20Community.pdf Sendai Framework - https://www.undrr.org/media/16176/download?startDownload=20240828 https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=effective+strategies+and+design+of+disaster-resilient+community+shelter&hl=en&as_sdt=0%2C5&as_ylo=2020&as_yhi=2024 https://ir.uitm.edu.my/id/eprint/75035/1/75035.pdf - Suhardi , A., Samsuddin , I., & Ismail, D. (2023). Developing resilient design criteria for evacuation centre . Malaysian Journal of Sustainable Environment ( MySE ), 10(1), 225-242. https://www.fema.gov/blog/5-reasons-building-codes-should-matter-you - Federal Emergency Management Agency. (2021). 5 reasons why building codes should matter to you. FEMA. Retrieved September 1, 2024, from https://www.fema.gov/blog/5-reasons-building-codes-should-matter-you https://www.allmultidisciplinaryjournal.com/uploads/archives/624538E36568A1648703715.pdf - Estacio, M. R. (2022). Elevation and construction of covered walkway in Caingin elementary school in the City of Malolos, infrastructure facility improvement: Resulting to better learning environment. https://legacy.senate.gov.ph/lisdata/4277838960!.pdf ( location )

25. Locals https://www.ateneo.edu/sose/aic/projects/disaster-risk-reduction https://legacy.senate.gov.ph/lisdata/4277838960!.pdf - Philippine Senate. (2023). Senate bill. Retrieved September 1, 2024, from https://legacy.senate.gov.ph/lisdata/4277838960!.pdf (September 26, 2023) https://www.dswd.gov.ph/issuances/MCs/JMC_2021-002.pdf - Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD). (2021). Joint memorandum circular no. 2021-002: Guidelines on the implementation of the Social Amelioration Program [PDF]. Department of Social Welfare and Development. https://www.dswd.gov.ph/issuances/MCs/JMC_2021-002.pdf https://maloloscity.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/City-of-Malolos-DRRM-Plan-2022-2026.pdf https://maloloscity.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/City-of-Malolos-Hydromet-CP-2022-Edition.pdf Unused, but can be use in future reference: https://publications.ici.umn.edu/impact/20-1/the-impact-of-building-design-on-evacuation-of-persons-with-disabilities https://frsb.upm.edu.my/upload/dokumen/20240627150150PROCEEDING_IAPC_VOL_2.pdf#page=180 (landscaping) https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Ritesh-Ranjan-5/publication/366269264_Leisure_trends_an_enquiry_in_the_past_two_decades_to_understand_the_transition/links/641d27dc315dfb4ccea544de/Leisure-trends-an-enquiry-in-the-past-two-decades-to-understand-the-transition.pdf#page=50 (basis) https://spherestandards.org/wp-content/uploads/Sphere-Handbook-2018-EN.pdf