*Discipline and Ideas in Social Sciences

DISS Topic 2nd quarter

1. DISCIPLINES AND IDEAS IN THE SOCIAL SCIENCES Malasiqui Catholic School, Inc. Malasiqui , Pangasinan 2421 Philippines Tel. No. 632-2390 [email protected] S.Y. 2024 - 2025

2. Feminist Theory Malasiqui Catholic School, Inc. Malasiqui , Pangasinan 2421 Philippines Tel. No. 632-2390 [email protected] S.Y. 2024 - 2025

3. Feministic theory is an ideology, and a social movement that seeks to improve the overall condition of women in society. It challenges the unequal power relations between men and women that manifest in various aspects of society such as the economy, politics, culture, language, military, education, and media.

4. Feminists seek to change mainstream society’s distorted perception of women’s role in nation-building and development. Stereotypes against women have also limited their full potential. Among these misconceptions are that women are physically and emotionally weak, impulsive buyers, illogical decision-makers, poor at math, and fickle-minded. Research has proven these notions to be wrong, baseless, and unjust.

5. Feminist theory is the extension of feminism into theoretical, fictional, or philosophical discourse. It aims to understand the nature of gender inequality. It examines women’s and men’s social roles, experiences, interests, chores and feminist politics in a variety of fields, such as anthropology and sociology, communication, media studies, psychoanalysis, home economics, literature, education and philosophy.

6. This includes seeking to establish equal opportunities for women in education and employment. The aims of feminism are to understand the nature of gender inequality. It examines women's and men's social roles, experiences, interests, chores, and feminist politics in a variety of fields, such as anthropology and sociology, communication, media studies, psychoanalysis, home economics, literature, education, and philosophy.

7. Feministic theory allows equal opportunities for both sexes. Gender roles (a set of conforming rules that say how a person should behave based on their gender) can be harmful to the individual. It is also unfair to place pressure on boys to fulfil certain roles that are based on their gender.

8. However, feminism is different to feminist theory . Feminism is a belief in social, economic, and political equality of the sexes. Although largely originating in the west, feminism is manifested worldwide and is represented by various institutions committed to activity on behalf of women’s rights and interests. It is also an organized effort to give women the same economic, social, and political rights as men.

9. Definition of terms sex pertains to the physiological and biological differences between men and women. Gender, on the hand, is the identity of masculinity or feminity that is socially constructed and culturally influenced. For example, boys are conditioned to play with toy guns while girls are socialized to play with dolls and toy kitchen sets. Class refers to groups of people with similar status on the bases of income and wealth, as well as individuals who share control over the means or factors of production (land and capital). Examples of this are slaves, slaveowners, peasant class, land-owning class, working class and capitalist class.

10. The history of the modern western feminist movements is divided into three “waves”. Each wave dealt with different aspects of the same feminist issues. The first wave comprised women’s suffrage movements of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, promoting women’s right to vote. The second wave was associated with the ideas and actions of the women’s liberation movement beginning in the 1960s. The second wave campaigned for legal and social equality for women. The third wave is a continuation of and a reaction to the perceived failures of second-wave feminism, beginning in the 1990s.

11. Major Strands of Feministic Theory There is a wide range of feminist theories and each has a particular focus, assumption, and advocacy. Over time, various strands of feminism emerged to complement, reinforce, or challenge the existing range of perspectives. In our discussion, we will focus on the contributions of liberal feminism, marxist feminism, black feminism, third world feminism, and ecofeminism in the struggle for women empowerment and social justice.

12. Liberal feminism believes that enhancing women’s social status is possible through institutional reforms in the realms of education, legislation, and governance. In the course of history, the liberal feminist movement was instrumental in the institutionalization of women’s right to vote and hold public office.

13. Marxist feminism asserts that the condition of women can be better understood by examining and challenging the intersection of the oppressive sex, gender system and the prevailing class structure. This strand of feminism combines women’s perspective with class analysis as a framework for challenging the prevailing and unjust social system.

14. Black feminism emerged as a strong reaction against the tendency of the western feminist movement to focus only on the conditions of the white, middleclass, female population. Traditional liberal feminists are heavily criticized by black feminists and third world feminists for failing to take into consideration the unique conditions and struggles of women in the third world.

15. Alienation of female (and male) workers alienation from oneself – the system of over-restrictive division of labor and emasculating workload prevent women workers from developing their full human potential. Alienation from their fellow workers – the practice of covert and overt unionbusting operation denies women workers opportunities to forge class solidarity with their fellow oppressed. Alienation from the product of their labor – the prohibitive market price of commodities deprives women workers with meager wages of the opportunity to enjoy the products of their own labor

16. Basic principles in feministic theory ✓ working to increase equality: feminist thought links ideas to action, insisting we should push for change toward gender equality and not just talk about it. ✓ Expanding human choice: feminists believe that both men and women should have the freedom to develop their human interests and talents, even if those interests and talents conflict with the status qou . ✓ Eliminating gender stratification: feminists oppose laws and cultural norms that limit income, educational and job opportunities for women. ✓ Ending sexual violence and promoting sexual freedom: feminists feel that women should have control over their sexuality and reproduction.

17. 1. As a student, how will you support gender equality? 2. Give example of gender discrimination and explain it’s effect on our society. 3. suggest a solution to end gender inequality.