Discipline and Ideas in Social Sciences. Chapter 2 - Structures Shape the World.pptx

This talks about how people act in the society in current trends today

1. Chapter 2: Structures shape the world: How do we make a natural science of society

2. Learning objectives : Examine the legacy of the classical frameworks in the development of the academic study of society; Discuss the founding fathers of social science and how their ideas impact present theorizing about society; Operationalize the meaning of structures in terms of how they help us understand social reality.

3. Selfie What do these images have in common?

4. Groufie What do these images have in common?

5. Social media is a digital platform that allows its users to create and share its content of their choice with people. Spending leisure time by scrolling newsfeed has become a new activity in modern society The role of the social media in the society

6. Facts to consider: The use of social media can lead to feelings of anxiety, depression, and loneliness. This is because social media often presents a distorted view of reality, with people presenting only their best selves and creating unrealistic expectations for others.

7. Foundational frameworks: Evolution and function The Vitruvian Man – is a famous drawing and study of a human form by one of the world’s most greatest geniuses, Leonardo Da Vinci. The name of his drawing is attributed to Roman architect Vitruvius

8. Evolution States that laws of nature have established an enduring and continuing, albeit very slow, change on Earth, and that includes living organisms as well as human beings. Change is a slow process of transformation from simple to complex, suggesting that the structure, organization, function, and characteristics of organisms

9. Classical evolutionism States that living organisms, overtime, develop from simple form of existence to complex states of life. This can be easily understood as from simplicity to complexity

10. Darwinism The name taken from the British thinker, Charles Darwin It highlighted and popularized only some Darwin’s thoughts, particularly the “survival of the fittest’ and “natural selection.” It later on became “Social Darwinism,” which says that stronger and fitter societies will naturally take over the weaker societies

11. Function The theory of “function” was developed by Herbert Spencer and Emile Durkheim The whole point of this theory is to liken society to a living organism- complex body parts and all- whose objectives are self-preservation and self-perpetuation Social cohesion and integration – are a matter of high importance in order to keep all the parts functioning together as a single unit toward a common goal or purpose. Society creates structures in order to give people’s lives meaning and purpose.

12. The notion of function Functionalism states that what keeps the society together is the function or the role that all parts of the system perform, assert, and play in order to preserve, maintain, and sustain society for prosperity. No society would want to destroy itself so that each and every part, institution, and sector, must perform their expected roles and functions.

13. Structural functionalism Developed by Radcliffe-Brown It states that units of society, such as families, organizations, and groups are studied in order to get a sense of network, interdependence, and connection upon the parts of the society. “Ang sakit ng kalingkingan , sakit ng buong katawan .”

14. Foundational frameworks: Historical materialism and human personality

15. Karl marx He was inspired by the Hegelian Dialectics of Georg Wilhelm Hegel According to this idea, there have been opposing forces in human society – the so-called “thesis” and “antithesis” – that clash with one another, shape one another, and as a consequence, create new forms that are the “synthesis” if two diametric forces

16. Capitalist He was inspired by the Hegelian Dialectics of Georg Wilhelm Hegel According to this idea, there have been opposing forces in human society – the so-called “thesis” and “antithesis” – that clash with one another, shape one another, and as a consequence, create new forms that are the “synthesis” if two diametric forces

17. Classes or categories of people according to karl marx Proletariat are those who engage in labor in replacement of money It often refers to workers Capitalist are those who invest money in return of profit. It often refers to the factory owners

18. Classical psychoanalysis and Sigmund freud 3 structures of human psyche Id. It is the unconscious self. The human being has uncontrollable instinctual desires, things that pertains to violence or sexual drives. Ego. It is the conscious and rational self. It is the one executing or performing the actions and decisions. Superego. It is the conscience. It is the internalization of societal values and beliefs.