Discover the World of Sensors: Types, Working, and Amazing Real-Life Uses From Temperature to Touch – Understanding Every Type of Sensor Smart Sensors Explained: How Modern Devices Detect and Respond The Ultimate Guide to Sensors and How They Shape Our

This presentation provides a comprehensive overview of sensors, their types, classifications, and applications across various fields of technology and engineering. Sensors are essential devices that detect physical quantities such as temperature, pressure, motion, light, or gas, and convert them into readable signals for monitoring, control, and automation systems.

The presentation begins with a clear explanation of what sensors and transducers are, highlighting their importance in modern systems such as the Internet of Things (IoT), robotics, automotive industries, and smart homes. It then categorizes sensors based on power requirements, detection methods, conversion phenomena, and output types.

Detailed slides explain different sensor types including temperature sensors (LM35, DS18B20), accelerometers (ADXL335), gas sensors (MQ-2, MQ-135), optical and proximity sensors (LDR, IR, ultrasonic), touch sensors (TTP223), and image sensors (CMOS), with examples of their real-world applications.

The presentation concludes by emphasizing how sensors play a vital role in automation, safety, environmental monitoring, and smart technology. Whether you are a student, engineer, or technology enthusiast, this presentation offers valuable insights into the fascinating world of sensors and their growing impact on modern innovation.

1. By: Chitra Raj Joshi An overview of sensor types, classification, and applications Types of Sensors

2. Introduction A Sensor is a device that detects the presence of a physical quantity and outputs a signal. It senses physical changes in a system in response to stimuli and converts them into human-readable signals. 2

3. What are Sensors? Sensors detect and respond to environmental changes like light, temperature, motion, or moisture. They convert these changes into measurable signals and are vital in IoT systems to monitor and control environments. 3

4. Transducers Transducers convert signals from one physical form to another. For example, microphones convert sound into electrical signals. 4

5. Classification of Sensors 1. Based on Power Requirement: Active Sensors Passive Sensor s 2. Based on Means of Detection: Electrical, Biological, Chemical, Radioactive 3. Based on Conversion Phenomenon: Photoelectric, Thermoelectric, Electrochemical, Electromagnetic, Thermoptic 4. Based on Output Type: Analog Sensors Digital Sensors 5

6. Types of Sensors 1. Temperature Sensors: Measure temperature in analog (e.g. LM35 ) or digital (e.g. DS1621 ) form. 6 LM35 – Analog temperature sensor DS1621 – Digital temperature sensor DS18B20 - Waterproof Digital Temperature Sensor.

7. Continued… 2. Accelerometer Sensors: Measure rate of change of velocity (e.g. ADXL335 ). 7 ADXL335 – Provides analog output on 3 axes (X, Y, Z)

8. Continued… 3. Alcohol Sensors: Detect alcohol in breathalyzers. 8 MQ =3

9. Continued… 4. Radiation Sensors: Detect alpha, beta, gamma particles. 9 Scintillation detector Geiger-Muller tube

10. Continued… 5. Position Sensors: Detect position of mechanical elements. 10 String potentiometer (String-Pot) – Measures linear position

11. Types of Sensors 6. Gas Sensors: Detect and measure gas concentrations. 11 MQ -2 – Detects LPG, smoke, alcohol MQ -135 – Detects CO 2 , ammonia, benzene, etc

12. Continued… 7. Torque Sensors: Measure rotational torque. 12 Torque Sensors (brands like HBM , Futek

13. Continued… 8. Optical Sensors: Detect light across UV, visible, IR ranges. 13 Photo Transistors IR sensor Photo diode LDR sensor

14. Continued… 9. Proximity Sensors: Detect presence or distance of objects. 14 Ultrasonic sensor- HC04 IR sensor module Capacitive and Inductive sensor

15. Continued… 1 0. Touch Sensors: Detect physical contact. 15 Resistive touch screen panels Capacitive Touch Sensor ( TTP223 )

16. Continued… 11. Image Sensors: Used in 3D imaging, biometrics, video, etc. 16 CMOS Image Sensor

17. Applications of Sensors 1. Automotive Industry: Monitor engine temperature, speed, etc. 2. Smart Homes: Detect movement, control HVAC. 3. Robotics: Object recognition, force measurement. 4. Transportation: Use GPS, load, and speed sensors. 17

18. Conclusion Sensors are crucial in modern technology for monitoring, safety, and automation. This presentation covered definitions, classifications, types, and major applications of sensors. 18