Discovery of microorganisms

Discovery of microorganisms

1. THE DISCOVERY OF MICROORGANISMS Group 4: RENITA NOVITASARI (1506839) WAFA HANIFAH (1503961 ) IPSE 2015

2. Microorganisms “ A  microscopic   living organism , which may be  single celled or  multicellular .”

3. Timeline

4. Timeline

5. DISCOVERY ERA

6. DISCOVERY ERA: “Spontaneous Generation” Aristotle (382-322) and others believed that living organisms could develop from non living materials. In 13 th century, Rogen Bacon described that the disease caused by a minute “seed” or “germ”.

7. Varo & Columella (1 st Century BC) : “Diseased caused by invisible” Girolamo Fracastorius of Verona (1546) : “Living germs caused infectious disease” Von Plenciz (1762): “Each disease caused by different agent” Kirch (1659): “Finding worms on patient”

8. TRANSITION ERA

9. Antony Leeuwenhoek (1632 – 1723 ) Father of Bacteriology and protozoology In 1676, “ Animalcules ” “Microbes is used by Sedillot in 1878 Crude Microscope

10. Leeuwenhoek earned his living as a draper, but spent much of his spare time constructing simple microscopes composed of double convex glass lenses held between two silver plates (figure below) his microscope could magnify around 50 to 300 times,

11. Leeuwenhoek observed a variety of things including rain water, pond water, blood and scrapings from his own teeth using his own microscope He saw minute moving objects which he called “little animalcules”. He made accurate sketches and communicated his findings to “Royal society of London”.

12. Francesco Redi (1626 – 1697) 1 st controlled experiment Addressed that maggots appear on meat after flies have landed There’s no such thing as Spontaneous Generations

13. John Needham (1713 – 1781) Animalcules arose spontaneously on mutton gravy Supporter of spontaneous generations Covered the flask with cork as done by Redu . Still the microbes appeared on mutton broth.

14. Lazzaro Spalanzani ( 1729 - 1799) Trying to prove spontaneous generations His Book Showed that broiled broth would not give rise to microscopic forms of life

15. Transitions Era

16. Golden Era

17. Louis Pasteur (1822 – 1895) Demonstrated that microorganisms in the air were responsible for food spoilage Construct a swan-necked flask Father of Microbiology Proved “Biogenesis” and disapprove on “Spontaneous Genereations ” “Pasteurization”

18. Pasteur’s experiment for the competition involved his famous “swan-necked” flasks

19. John Tyndall (1820 - 1893) Discovered highly resistant bacterial structure, “ Endospore ” in air and dust Prolonged boiling or intermittent heating was necessary to kill endospores “Tyndallisation”

20. Lord Joseph Lister (1827-1912 Father of Antiseptic Surgery Wound infections were due to microorganisms Use carbolic acid to destroy microorganisms

21. Robert Koch (1843 – 1910) Father of Bacteriology Staining Techniques Discover Anthrax bacillus (1876), Tubercle bacillus (1882), and Cholera vibrios (1883) Koch’s Postulate

22. THANK YOU