Distillation plant (Biochemistry) pdf...

Distillation plant (Biochemistry) pdf...

1. DISTILLATION PLANT
Submitted by Jagroop Sidhu

2. Water Distillation apparatus :- is used to prepare distilled water
by using tap water. It is practically free from the interfering ions.
Distilled water :- is water that has many of its impurities removed
through distillation . Distillation involves boiling the water and
then condensing the stream into a clean container.
Double distillation :- double distillation water is prepared by
slow boiling the uncontaiminated condensed water vapour from
a prior slow boiling .
Triple distilled water :-

3. Water Distillation plant
Principle :- Tap water, in the still gets heated by the heating coils . When
it boils the vapors are formed . These vapors are collected in the
condenser and are cooled by the circulated tap water. The condensed
distilled water is free from the interfering ions and collected through the
outlet .
Components :- 1. still made from stainless steel.
2. steam condenser tube made from stainless steel.
3.Heating coils ( 220 volts )
4. Inlet
5. Overflow pipe
6. Lid
7. Outlet

4. Working :- 1. The inlet is connected to tap by means of a
rubber tubing and tap water is introduced into the still . The
water level in the still is checked by the overflow pipe . This
ensures sufficient water over the heating coils .
2. By putting on the electrical connection, the coils are heated.
3. When water boils,the vapors are collected in the condenser
. and distilled water trickless through the outlet .

5. DIAGRAM:- DISTILLATION APPARATUS.

6. PRECAUTIONS :-
It is necessary to ensure before heating the coils that, sufficient water
is introduced in the still to maintain water level above the coils .
Standardization Of Distilled water :-
•Principle :- The distilled water should be free from the interfering
ions such as sodium, calcium and chlorides . Appearance of turbidity
by the addition of 2-3 drops of conc . Nitric acid and silver nitrate
indicate presence of interfering ions.
•Requirements :- 1. Distilled water
2. conc. Nitric acid
3. 1.7 gm /dl silver nitrate
4. Test tubes .

7. • Procedure :-
1. Take 10 ml distilled water in a test tube .
2. Add 2-3 drops of conc . Nitric acid.
3. Add 1 .0 ml of silver nitrate reagent .
4. Observe the appearance of the reaction mixture.
5. Appearance of turbidity indicates presence of interfering ions.
6. Absence of turbidity indicates absence of interfering ions.

8. USES OF DISTILLED WATER :-
1.Recharging lead batteries found in automobile :- Distilled water is
essential to maximize the lifespan of automobile batteries because
it does not contain minerals that will corrosive to the metal
components of batteries .
2.Laboratory use :- Distilled water does not contain other
components that’ may affect the result of experiment .The PH of
distilled water very close to neutral 7 . The PH plays a very imp.
Role in laboratory test , especially in chemical experiments,
because a slight change in PH can alter the entire result .
3. Medical uses :- Distilled water is preferable when cleaning
medical tools which are used for medical procedures performed on
patients because it does not contain minerals .

9. 4. Making soap :- Distilled water is perfect for making soap
because it has no chemicals that might only decreased the
efficiency of the soap .
5.Washing Hair :- Tap water contain minerals commonly magnesium
& calcium and chemicals usually chloride & chloramine . This
minerals or ions are positively charged therefore they easily
attach to the protein found inside your hair cuticle .
6. Cosmetic products :- Water is very imp. components in making
cosmetic products. For eg . makeup, lotions, moisturizers ,
shampoo, conditions etc .These products does not contains any
unwanted particles.

10. DIFFERENCE :-

TAP WATER DISTILLED WATER
It contains compounds such as Distilled water is in its purest form,
iron, chlorine, magnesium and with no bacteria or inorganic
natural minerals. Compounds.

11. DEIONISED WATER :-
•Deionized water also known as demineralized water is water
that has had almost all of its minerals ions removed, such as
cation like sodium, calcium , iron, and copper & anions such as
chloride & sulfate.
DIFFERENCE :-
Distilled water Deionised water
1. The process of distilled 1. It is passed through ion
water involves boiling exchange resins where
water at extremly high hydrogen & hydroxide replaces
temp. in a still untill vapour the anions & cations .
forms.
2. Less pure 2. More pure

12. 3. Less cost effective . 3. More cost effective .
4. Removes heavy metals 4. If removes all its minerals .
and trace elements and
salt .

 Can we drink distilled water :-
The water is safe to drink . The disadvantage of drinking this
water is that most of the natural minerals in the water are gone .


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