Diversity-in-the-Living-World.pdf 6th class science curiosity

What is Diversity in the Living World?

Diversity in the living world refers to the variety of different species of plants, animals, fungi, and microorganisms that exist on Earth.


Types of Diversity:

1. Species Diversity: Variety of species within an ecosystem.
2. Genetic Diversity: Variation in genes within a species.
3. Ecosystem Diversity: Variety of ecosystems and habitats.
4. Functional Diversity: Variety of roles and functions within an ecosystem.


Levels of Organization:

1. Organism: Individual living thing.
2. Population: Group of organisms of same species.
3. Community: Group of populations of different species.
4. Ecosystem: Community and its physical environment.
5. Biome: Large ecosystem (e.g., desert, forest).


Importance of Diversity:

1. Ecosystem Services: Provides clean air, water, and food.
2. Climate Regulation: Helps regulate Earth's climate.
3. Medicine: Source of new medicines and treatments.
4. Food Security: Provides variety of food crops.


Threats to Diversity:

1. Habitat Destruction
2. Overexploitation
3. Climate Change
4. Pollution
5. Invasive Species


Conservation Efforts:

1. Protected Areas (national parks, reserves)
2. Sustainable Practices (farming, forestry)
3. Species Conservation (endangered species)
4. Education and Awareness


Key Terms:

1. Biodiversity
2. Ecosystem
3. Species
4. Habitat
5. Conservation


Examples:

1. Amazon Rainforest (high species diversity)
2. Coral Reefs (high ecosystem diversity)
3. Polar Bears (adaptation to specific habitat)


This overview covers the basics of diversity in the living world, including types, levels of organization, importance, threats, and conservation efforts.What is Diversity in the Living World?

Diversity in the living world refers to the variety of different species of plants, animals, fungi, and microorganisms that exist on Earth.


Types of Diversity:

1. Species Diversity: Variety of species within an ecosystem.
2. Genetic Diversity: Variation in genes within a species.
3. Ecosystem Diversity: Variety of ecosystems and habitats.
4. Functional Diversity: Variety of roles and functions within an ecosystem.


Levels of Organization:

1. Organism: Individual living thing.
2. Population: Group of organisms of same species.
3. Community: Group of populations of different species.
4. Ecosystem: Community and its physical environment.
5. Biome: Large ecosystem (e.g., desert, forest).


Importance of Diversity:

1. Ecosystem Services: Provides clean air, water, and food.
2. Climate Regulation: Helps regulate Earth's climate.
3. Medicine: Source of new medicines and treatments.
4. Food Security: Provides variety of food crops.


Threats to Diversity:

1. Habitat Destruction
2. Overexploitation
3. Climate Change
4. Pollution
5. Invasive Species


Conservation Efforts:

1. Protected Areas (national parks, reserves)
2. Sustainable Practices (farming, forestry)
3. Species Conservation (endangered species)
4. Education and Awareness


Key Terms:

1. Biodiversity
2.

1. Diversity in the Living
World
Explore the fascinating diversity of plants and animals in our world. From
towering trees to tiny insects, nature offers an incredible variety of life forms
adapted to different environments.
by sandeep swamy

2. Nature Walk Experience
1
Exploration
Students explore and observe plants and animals in their
natural environment.
2
Expert Guidance
Dr. Raghu, a scientist, and Maniram chacha, a knowledgeable
local, lead the walk.
3
Learning
Students learn about species variety, unique features, and
respecting living creatures.

3. Plant Diversity
Size
Plants range from tall trees like
mangoes to short bushes like roses.
Stems
Some plants have hard, woody stems,
while others have soft, green stems.
Leaves
Leaves vary in shape, size, and
arrangement on the stem.

4. Animal Diversity
Size and Shape
Animals come in various sizes
and shapes, from tiny insects
to large mammals.
Size and Shape
Animals come in various sizes
and shapes, from tiny insects
to large mammals.
Habitat
Different animals are
adapted to live on land, in
water, or in the air.
Habitat
Different animals are
adapted to live on land, in
water, or in the air.
Diet
Animals have diverse diets,
including plant-based, meat-
based, or a combination of
both.
Diet
Animals have diverse diets,
including plant-based, meat-
based, or a combination of
both.

5. Movement in Animals
Walking
Animals like cats and dogs
use their legs to walk on land.
Flying
Birds like eagles and
sparrows use wings to fly
through the air.
Swimming
Fish use fins to swim in water
bodies like rivers and oceans.
Crawling
Reptiles like snakes and
lizards crawl using their body
muscles.

6. What is Biodiversity?
Biodiversity refers to the variety of plants, animals, and other living organisms in
a particular region. It includes the interactions between species, such as trees
providing shelter for birds.

7. Importance of Grouping
1
Simplify Study
Grouping makes it easier to identify and compare diverse
species.
2
Understand Relationships
It helps in understanding evolutionary relationships between
species.
3
Ecological Roles
Grouping aids in understanding the roles of species in
ecosystems.

8. Grouping Plants by Height
Trees
Tall plants with hard, thick, woody stems
and high branches.
Shrubs
Shorter plants with multiple woody
stems branching near the ground.
Herbs
Small plants with soft, green stems.

9. Grouping Plants by Stem Type
Hard Stem Soft Stem
Found in trees and shrubs Found in smaller plants
Strong and woody Soft and green
Helps plant stand firm More flexible

10. Grouping Plants by Leaves
Reticulate Venation
Veins in these leaves form a network pattern, common in dicot
plants like hibiscus.
Parallel Venation
Veins run parallel to each other, a characteristic of monocot
plants like grass.

11. Grouping Plants by Roots
Taproots
A single, main root grows straight down.
Fibrous Roots
A cluster of thin roots spreads from the base.

12. Grouping Plants by Seeds
Dicotyledons (Dicots)
Seeds with two cotyledons, usually have reticulate venation
and taproot system.
Monocotyledons (Monocots)
Seeds with a single cotyledon, typically have parallel venation
and fibrous root system.

13. Grouping Animals by Movement
Flying
Animals that use wings to
move through the air.
Running/Walking
Animals that use legs to
move on the ground.
Crawling
Animals that move by
crawling on their bodies.
Hopping/Jumping
Animals that hop or jump
using their legs.

14. Adaptations in Different Surroundings
Desert Adaptations
Adaptations are special
features or behaviors that
help plants and animals
survive in their specific
surroundings. They make it
easier to find food, stay safe,
and thrive in their
environment.
Mountain Adaptations
Adaptations are special
features or behaviors that
help plants and animals
survive in their specific
surroundings. They make it
easier to find food, stay safe,
and thrive in their
environment.
Ocean Adaptations
Adaptations are special
features or behaviors that
help plants and animals
survive in their specific
surroundings. They make it
easier to find food, stay safe,
and thrive in their
environment.
Forest Adaptations
Adaptations are special
features or behaviors that
help plants and animals
survive in their specific
surroundings. They make it
easier to find food, stay safe,
and thrive in their
environment.

15. Desert Adaptations
Cactus
The thick, fleshy stems of a cactus act as a water storage tank,
allowing it to thrive in arid environments with minimal rainfall.
Camel
Camels are perfectly adapted for desert life. Their long legs
keep them above the hot sand, while their wide hooves
provide stability on loose terrain. The humps on their backs are
a crucial energy reserve, allowing them to survive long periods
without food.

16. Mountain Adaptations
Deodar Trees
Conical shape and sloping branches allow snow to slide off
easily.
Mountain Goats
Adapted to cold and rocky terrain, moving easily on steep
slopes.

17. Ocean Adaptations
Seaweed
Marine plants thrive underwater, adapted to aquatic
conditions.
Fish
Streamlined bodies and fins help in swimming efficiently
through water.

18. Forest Adaptations
Bamboo
Grows tall and provides shelter to many animals in the forest.
Lions
Adapted to live and hunt in dense forest environments.

19. Rhododendron Adaptations
1
Shola Forests
In Nilgiris, rhododendrons are shorter with smaller leaves to survive
strong winds.
2
Sikkim Mountains
Rhododendrons grow taller, adapting to different mountain conditions.
3
Regional Differences
These adaptations help the plant thrive in specific environmental
conditions.

20. Protecting Biodiversity
Active Participation
Plant trees, reduce plastic use, and
support wildlife conservation projects.
Environmental Care
Avoid polluting surroundings and
conserve natural habitats.
Sustainable Use
Use resources responsibly to maintain
ecological balance.