dna strufrrgteewfrfgt3rtyu8 is svggcture.pptx

Science

1. DNA & Rna structure Science and Technology 08

2. Nucleic acid- Is a large molecule composed of C, H, O and P. Building blocks of nucleic acid Nucleotides- DNA & RNA

3. Phosphate group Sugar Nitrogen base Nucleotides-

4. DNA- Deoxy Ribonucleic Acid Rna - Ribonucleic Acid a- Adenine t - thymine g - Guanine C - Cytosine

5. Dna structure Science and Technology 08

6. The cells of the human body contains 23 pairs of chromosomes Chromosomes are made up of a chemical substance known as DNA. Each chromosomes in the body is made up od different genes that determine singe trait.

7. DNA is located inside the NUCLEUS. It is a tightly coiled molecule that contains GENES.

8. Components of molecules

9. 1. The DNA molecule is composed of three (3) types of component molecule phosphate group, the sugar deoxyribose, and the bases Adenine(A) Thymine (T), Cytosine (C), Guanine (G) Double stranded

10. nucleotides

11. 1. There are three molecules that form the basic building block of DNA, the nucleotides: One phosphate group, sugar molecules, and the 4 bases Adenine(A) - Thymine (T), Cytosine (C) - Guanine (G)

12. Rna structure Science and Technology 08

13. Ribonucleic Acid, like DNA, is a nucleic acid. However, RNA structure differs from DNA structure in three ways: RNA- Single Stranded The Sugar in RNA is Ribose Contain 4 nitrogenous bases: Adenine(A) - Guanine (G), Cytosine (C) - Uracil (U)

14. RNA TYPES that helps build protein: mRNA – (messenger) rRNA – (ribosomal) tRNA – (transfer)

15. What are the components of the DNA and RNA molecule? Sugar Phosphate group Nitrogenous base

16. What is the structural difference between DNA and RNA? DNA is double stranded while RNA is single-stranded. The sugar in DNA is deoxyribose while that in RNA is ribose. The nitrogen bases in DNA are adenine (A), guanine (G), thymine (T) and cytosine (C). In RNA are adenine, guanine, cytosine and uracil.

17. What nitrogenous base is found in RNA but not in DNA? URACIL

18. In 1953, James Watson and Francis Crick worked out that DNA is double helix like a twisted staircase.

19. The two sugar-phosphate backbones make up the sides and the base pairs make up the rungs or steps of the twisted staircase.

20. Deoxyribonucleic acid is copied during interphase prior to mitosis and meiosis. Mitosis - results in the production of two genetically identical diploid cell. Meiosis- produces 4 genetically different haploid cell It is important that new copies are exactly like the original molecule.

21. The process of making copies of DNA. replication When DNA replicates, two identical copies of DNA molecules are produced, which are exactly the same as the original.

22. Central dogma

23. Activity 2 DNA makes dna

24. Do you understand the process by which DNA copies itself? The following are the events while DNA copies itself: Step 1. An enzyme called helicase breaks the bond between nitrogenous bases. The two strands of DNA split.

25. Step 2. The bases attached to each strand then pair up with the free nucleotides found in the cytoplasm. Step 3. The complementary nucleotides are added to each strand by DNA polymerase to form new strands. Two new DNA molecules, each with a parent strand and each with a new strand are formed. The DNA replication is known as semi-conservative replication, because one of the old strands is conserved in each new molecule.

26. The process of making copies of DNA. replication When DNA replicates, two identical copies of DNA molecules are produced, which are exactly the same as the original.

27. RNA TYPES that helps build protein: mRNA – (messenger) rRNA – (ribosomal) tRNA – (transfer)

28. One type of RNA, messenger RNA (mRNA) brings information from the DNA in the nucleus to the protein manufacturing area, the cytoplasm. In the cytoplasm, the mRNA becomes the template of information to make proteins.

29. Ribosomes, made of ribosomal RNA (rRNA), and ribosomal proteins hold tightly into the mRNA using its information to assemble the amino acids in correct order

30. Transfer RNA (tRNA) supplies amino acids to the ribosome to be assembled as protein.

31. Yes, you got them right! Our hair, skin and nails are made up of proteins! .

32. What are proteins? They are composed of amino acids & sugar linked together by hydrogen bonds, peptide bonds. What are the roles and functions of proteins? channels in membranes – control the movement of molecules in and out of the cell structural molecules – for example, making up hair or muscle in animals

33. What are the roles and functions of proteins? hormones – to regulate the activity of cells antibodies – in the immune system enzymes – to act as catalysts in biological systems.

34. DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA (ribonucleic acid) work together to produce proteins from genetic codes. Genetic codes are found in DNA or RNA which is made up of nucleotide bases usually in three’s (triplet) that code for the amino acids making up the proteins.

35. RNA TYPES that helps build protein: mRNA – (messenger) rRNA – (ribosomal) tRNA – (transfer)

36. The first type of RNA is the (messenger RNA, transfer RNA) which transcribes the DNA and will be read by the ribosomes for translation. The (ribosomal RNA, transfer RNA), with protein, makes up the ribosomes (ribosomal RNA, transfer RNA) carries anticodon and amino acid to translate the codons to polypeptide.

37. There are two stages of protein synthesis: Transcription Translation

38. First is transcription, where the (DNA, mRNA) code will be copied into (DNA, mRNA). Second is translation where the (DNA, mRNA) is "decoded" to build a polypeptide that contains specific series of amino acids.

39. As a conclusion, protein synthesis starts with transcription of DNA into the messenger RNA or mRNA . This is followed by translation where the mRNA codons will base pair with the transfer RNA or tRNA that carries specific amino acids based on the mRNA codons. These amino acids will be connected by peptide bonds to a protein.

40. AMINO ACID 3- LETTER NAME SYMBOL Alanine Ala A Arginine Arg R Asparagine Asn N Aspartic Acid Asp D Cysteine Cys C Glutamine Gin Q Glutamic Acid Glu E Glutamine/Glutamic Acid Glx Z Glycine Gly G

41. AMINO ACID 3- LETTER NAME SYMBOL Histidine His H Isoleucine Ile I Leucine Leu L Lysine Lys K Methiodine Met M phenylalanine Phe F Proline Pro P Serine Ser S Threonine Thr T

42. AMINO ACID 3- LETTER NAME SYMBOL Tryptophan Trp W Tyrosine Tyr Y Valine Val V

43. To identify the amino acid, look at the bases in the mRNA codon, e.g., AUG using the Genetic Code Table. Look for the first letter of the mRNA codon on the left side of the genetic code table (A) the second letter of the mRNA on the second letter column (U) the third letter on the right side column (G) AUG codes for the amino acid - methionine.