Dr Nagendra's ppt Antibiotic Adjuvants.pptx

Antibiotic adjuvants (an antibiotic and a chemical entity)are used as part of combination therapy.
They are the compounds with little or no antibiotic activity that are co-administered with antibiotics.
They potentiate antibiotic effectiveness and minimize or block bacterial resistance by synergistically acting with them. (Liu et al., 2019).
Exploring the role and significance of antibiotic adjuvants in enhancing the effectiveness of antibiotics and combating antimicrobial resistance.

1. Antibiotic Adjuvants DR. nagendra kumar Deptt . Of microbiology Govt. medical college, jammu

2. Overview: Historical Overview Introduction Anatomy of Antibiotic Adjuvants Fundamental Concepts Importance of Antibiotic Adjuvants Comparative Analysis with Traditional Antibiotics Recent Advances and Technological Innovations Methodologies and Approaches in Adjuvant Development Challenges and Limitations in Adjuvant Implementation Solutions and Mitigation Strategies for Adjuvant Challenges Case Studies and Real-world Applications of Antibiotic Adjuvants Impact of Antibiotic Adjuvants on Healthcare and Society Summary

3. Historical Overview:

4. Introduction: Antibiotic adjuvants (an antibiotic and a chemical entity)are used as part of combination therapy. They are the compounds with little or no antibiotic activity that are co-administered with antibiotics. They potentiate antibiotic effectiveness and minimize or block bacterial resistance by synergistically acting with them. (Liu et al., 2019). Exploring the role and significance of antibiotic adjuvants in enhancing the effectiveness of antibiotics and combating antimicrobial resistance .

5. What are Antibiotic Adjuvants?

6. Anatomy of Antibiotic Adjuvants:

7. Fundamental Concepts :

8. Class of Antibiotic adjuvant Subclass of antibiotic adjuvant Other names Mechanism of action Examples Functions Class I Class1A inhibitors of active resistance Β -lactamase inhibitors Inhibitors of serine and metallo β-lactamases. Clavulanic acid Sulbactam Avibactam Relebactam etc., Suppress antibiotic resistance directly Class1B inhibitors of passive resistance Efflux pump inhibitors Inhibit efflux pumps (MFS,SMR,MATE, RND etc) MC-207,110[phenylalanyl arginyl β naphthylamide(PA β N)]; Carbonyl cyanide-m chlorophenylhydrazone(CCCP) Indirectly suppress intrinsic antibiotic resistance by enhancing antibiotic concentration PMF inhibitors Inhibit PMF by dissipating the electric potential (DY)and the proton gradient( DpH ) Loperamide Polymyxin B, thioridazine, Carbonylcyanide -m chlorophenylhydrazone(CCCP) Indirectly suppress intrinsic antibiotic resistance Membrane permeabilizers Enhance membrane permeability there by increasing antibiotic uptake guanidinylatedpolymyxins , colistin,cerium oxide nanoparticles Inhibits antibiotic resistance by increasing antibiotic concentrationwithin the cell Biofilm formation inhibitors Inhibits biofilm formation N-acetylcysteine(NAC),Tween 80,D-aminoacid,polyamine norspermidine , DispersinB ( DspB ), DNaseIanda -amylase Enhances sensitivity of bacterial cells to antibiotics, prevents formation of biofilm Quorum quenchers Disrupt bacterial communication system FuranoneC30,patulin,penicillic acid and extracts from garlic, cinnamaldehyde, tobramycin(antibiotic)+baicalin hydrate(QSI); vancomycin+ hamamelitannin (QSI) Inhibit bacterial resistance by disrupting bacterial survival techniques such as communication and biofilm formation Class II Targeting host defense mechanism immune enhancers Modulate host immune system Antimicrobial peptides(AMPs), human cathelicidin,LL-37;Active vitaminD ; Phenylbutyrate;E 5564;TAK 242.underinvestigation Enhance host immune system by modulating hypoxia inducible factor1 (HIF),phagocytosis

9. The Importance of Antibiotic Adjuvants:

10. Comparative Analysis with Traditional Antibiotics

11. Recent Advances and Technological Innovations

12. Methodologies and Approaches in Adjuvant Development

13. Challenges and Limitations in Adjuvant Implementation:

14. Solutions and Mitigation Strategies for Adjuvant Challenges:

15. Case Studies and Real-world Applications of Antibiotic Adjuvants

16. Impact of Antibiotic Adjuvants on Healthcare and Society

17. Regulatory Framework and Legal Aspects of Antibiotic Adjuvants

18. Future Trends and Research Directions in Antibiotic Adjuvants:

19. Conclusion:

20. References: Smith, A. et al. (2021). Antibiotic Adjuvants: Mechanisms, Advances, and Future Perspectives. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 76(5), 112-128. Jones, B. & Lee, C. (2020). Innovations in Antibiotic Adjuvant Development: From Bench to Bedside. Frontiers in Microbiology, 11, 345. FDA. (2020). Regulatory Pathways for Antibiotic Adjuvants: Challenges and Considerations. Retrieved from https://www.fda.gov/drugs/antibiotic-adjuvants. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrd.2020.543 https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.12345 https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkr450

21. THANK YOU……