DR NICKAF PAINTS BASICS.pptxBasics paint composition and quality parameters

Basics paint composition and quality parameters

1. W H A T IS P AINT

2. P AINT Pa i nt is an y l i qui d , liquefia b le, o r m astic co m posi t i o n t hat, a f ter appl i cati o n to a substrate in a t h in la y e r , co n verts to a sol i d fil m . It is m ost co m m only used to protect, colo r , or provide texture t o objects. Paint can be m ade or purchased in m any color s — and in m any di f fere n t t y pes, su ch as wa t ercol o r , s y nt h etic, etc. Pa i nt is t y pical l y st o red, sol d , and appl i ed as a l i qui d , b ut m ost t y pes dry i n to a s o l i d.

3. Paint i n dustry fa ll un d er the category o f surface coating i ndu s tr y .

4. COMPOS I TON OF P AINT Paints contain: pi g ment - pri m e pig m ents to i m part colour and opacity bi n der ( r e s in) - a pol y m e r , often re f er r ed to as resin, fo r m ing a m atrix to hold the pig m ent in place extender - la r ger pig m ent particles added to i m prove adhe s ion, strengthen the film and save binder solvent ( s o m et i mes call e d a thin n e r ) - either an o r ganic solv e nt or water is us e d to reduce the vis c osity of the paint for better applic a tion. W ate r -borne paints are replacing s o m e paints that use volatile o r ganic co m pounds su c h as the h y drocarbons which are h a r m ful to the at m osph e re. ad ditiv e s - u s ed to m odify the properties of the li q uid paint or dry film

5. S O l ¥ 4 % whit te gloss alkyd paint - . alkyd pai t

6. Solvents (Liquids) Pigments Additives Resins ( Binder

7. 1 # B INDER The bi n der is t h e f i l m -for m ing co m ponent of pain t . In a pa i nt m i x t u r e , the b i nd e r is r e s pons i b l e for p r ov i d i ng adh e s i on, bind i ng the pig m en t , and al s o gives the paint r e s i s t an c e p r op e r t i e s which m ake t he f i n al co a t i ng t o ugh and dur a b l e. The bi n der i t s e lf is c l e a r and g l os s y , but t h e p r e s en c e of p i g m ent i n t e rfe r es wi t h t h is qu a l i ty

8. T YPES OF BINDERS

9. 2 # Pigments Pig m ents are granular sol i ds inco r porated in the paint to cont r ibu t e colo r . Fille r s are granular sol i ds inco r porate to i m part toughness, texture, give the paint special proper t ie s ,[13] or t o reduce the cost of t he pain t . Alte r nativel y , so m e pain t s cont a in dyes ins t ead of or in co m binat i on with pig m ents.

10. P i g m e n t s u sed in t h e c o n s tr u c t i o n of t h e t e s t p a inti n g I S t r i p Nu m b e r P i g m e n t s c o m m o n n a m e C h e m i cal c o m po s it i o n 1 L ead w h i te 2 P bC o !<t P b ( O H ) ? 2 Zi n c w hi t e ZnO 3 Ti t a nium w h i te Ti0 2 4 Un p a i n ted c a n v as 5 Ca d mium y e l l ow C d S 6 C h r o m e y e l l ow P b Cr 4 7 C a d mium r ed C d S e 8 V e rmill i o n H gS g S i e n n a cx . - F e O O H + Mn O ., + c l a y+ s il i ca 10 Y e l l ow oc h r e cx . - F e OOH + c l a y + s il i ca 11 U m b e r F e203 + M n 02 + c l a y+ s il i ca 1 2 Ult r a m a r i n e b l u e N " A I 6 S i 6 24 S 2 -4 1 3 Cob a l t b l u e C o AI O ..d 1 4 Pr u s s i a n b l u e F e 4 ( F e( C N ) . J 3 1 5 Virid i an g r e e n C r ( H ) 2 4 1 6 C h r o m e g r e e n C r 2 3

11. 3 # Di l uent or solv e nt or thinner In the m ost basic sense, the liquid co m p o ne nt of a paint is si m ply responsible fo r transporting the binder and pig m ent to the substrate surfac e . T he m ain p urposes of the diluent are to dissol ve the p ol y m er and adjust the viscosit y of the paint. It is volatile and d oes n ot beco m e part of the paint fil m . It also cont r ols flo w and a p plication properties, and in so m e ca s es c a n a f fect the stability of the paint while in liquid st a te. Its m ain functio n is as the carrier for the n o n v olatile co m p o ne nts. T o spread heavier oils (for exa m ple, linse e d) as in oi l -based interior h o use paint, a thinner oil is required. These volatile substances i m part their properties te m p oraril y — o nce the solvent has evap orated, the re m ainin g paint is fix ed to the surface.

12. T ypes of thinner T he solvents used as the carrier in paints: W ater White spirits ( m ineral turpentine spirits). White spirit is a m ixture of is a m ixture of saturated aliphatic an d alicyclic h y drocarbons. X y lene is a pure aro m atic solvent havin g benzene ring structure in its m olecule (C8H 10). T olu ene is al s o a p ure aro m atic solvent with b enz e ne rin g s tructure (C6H 5 CH3). Alco hols ( n -butano l , isopropanol) are o r ga nic co m p o u nds havin g a h y droxyl groups ( -OH) b o u n d to the carbon ato m s of an alk y l group. Ke tones is an o r ganic solvents, in which carbon y l gro up (C= O ) is b o n d ed to two other carbon ato m s.

13. De p endi n g on the t y pe of paint and inten d ed u s e, additi v es m ay inclu d e: dispe r sants - to s e parate and st a bilise pig m ent particles s i l i cones - to i m prove we a ther r e s i s tan c e dri e rs - to acc e lerate dr y ing ti m e i . e zicronium ,cobalt , lead , zinc a n t i- s e tt l ing a g ents - to prevent pig m ent s e ttling b a ct e r i c i des - to pre s erve water ba s ed paints in the can fun g i c ides and al g aecides - to protect ext e rior paint fil m s again s t disfigure m ent f r om m ould s , algae and lichen 4 # A D DITIVES

14. FILLERS Filler acts as pig m ent extender .It reduces the paint cost and also controls the viscosity of paint Quartz sand (SiO 2). Finely grou nd q uartz is a filler incre a sing the abrasion resist a nce of the paints. T alc protects the substrate from the penetratin g wate r . Bar yte (BaS O 4) is a colorless or white ino r ganic m ineral having hig h hardness and che m ical r esistance . It is used as a reinforcing ad ditive. Kaoline Clay is used in e m ulsion paints as a gloss reducing additive. Li m estone (cal c ium carbonate, CaCO3) is used in e m ulsio n p aints as a filler extending ex pensive pig m ents.

15. There are four types of f in i shes Gloss f ini s h Se m i g l oss finish Sat i n or egg she l l finish Matt f ini s h T ypes of fini s hes

16. Matt finish

17. Satin o r egg shell finish

18. Semi g loss finish

19. Gloss f inish

20. C L ASSIF I C A TI O N OF P AINT There are two types of paint on the basis of solvent : W at e r based p a int Oil based paint W ater based paint : The pain t s for m ula t ed on the base of water as t he m ajor solvent serv i ng as a vehic l e car r ying the sol i d co m ponents (b i nders, pig m ents and addi t ive s ).

21. Mo s t pol y m er resins m ay be u s ed as the bind e rs in w a t e r -based pa i nts: Epox i es Acr y l i cs V in y ls Pol y est e rs Alk y ds St y ren e -but a d i ene U r e t hanes D istemper: Dis t e m per is a wat e r bas e d paint in w h i c h the bin d ing m edium co n s i s t s essent i a l ly of e i ther glue or casein, or si m i l ar si z ing m a t eria l . The m aj o r co n st i tue n ts of diste m per are chalk, l i m e, w a t er and so m e colori n g age n ts if necessar y . They are a l so k n o w n as ce m ent p a i nt.

22. Oil b a s e d – p a ints : Oil paint is a t y pe of slow-dr y ing paint that consists of particles of pig m ent suspend ed in a dr y ing oil, co mm o nly linseed oil. The viscosity of the paint m ay be m o dified by the ad ditio n of a solvent s uch as turpentine or white spirit, and varnish m ay be ad ded to incre a se the glossiness of the dried oil paint fil m . A wi de range of h y drocarbon solvents are used for paint for m ulation: Aliphatic co m p o u nds ( e g. W hite spirit) Aro m atic co m p o u nds ( e g. T oluene, X y lene) Ketones ( e g. m eth y l eth y l keton) Esters Alcohols Gl y col ethers. Gl y col e ther ester s .

23. Emulsion paints : Any pa i nt co n s i s t i n g of an e m u l s i on of o i l in wa t er so l ve n t is known as e m u l s i on pa i nt E m uls i on paint is w at e r based w i t h so m e addi t ives to m ake it m ore dur a ble, but it can usu a l l y be sc r ubbed o f f wi t h wa t er and d e t e r ge n t. Mode r n E m u l s i ons are wa t e r -ba s ed, wi t h vi n yl or ac r y l ic r e s i ns added to m ake t hem m o r e ha r d -wear i ng than t r ad i tional e m uls i ons. This r e su l ts in va r ying deg r ees of sh e en in the fin i sh; as t h e sh i ne in c r e a s e s , t h e pa i nt t e nds to be m o r e ha r d wear i ng. The r a ng e s usu a l l y o f fer m a t t, egg s he l l, s i lk, sat i n and full ...

24. Enamel paint Ena m el paint is paint that air dries to a hard, usually gloss y , finish, used for coating surfaces that are o utdoors or otherwise subject to hard wear or variations in te m perature; it sh o uld n ot be confused with decorated objects in "painted ena m el“ W ater b as e d e n a me l W ater based e na m el co ntain acr y lic resin as b i n de r . T h ey contain i n fla m m able sol v ents ,lo wer ordour Oil b as e d e n a me l : Oil based en a mel co ntain Oil or T urps based A l kyds a s bi n de r . C ont a i n s f l a mm able solvents St r ong odour d ue to solvent fumes

25. MAN U F ACTURING PROC E SS

26. Steps of production Pa i nt a n d coat i ng s a re m an u fact u red t h r o ug h f o ur b as i c s t ep s, wh i ch must be a d ap t ed t o t h e character i s t ics of d i f fe r ent in g re d ien t s: Pa i nt & C oati n g s a re m ade in a b atch p r o cess where th e a p p r o p r iate in g r edie nts are m ix ed t o geth er to a t t ain t h e typ e of pa i nt des i re d . The i n g re d ients and t h e paint m i x t u res are s u b jected to s t r i ng ent tests t h r o ughout t h e pr o cess t o en su re q u ali t y .

27. Foll o w ing a r e t he steps in the m aunfacturing of paint . 1 . Mi x inig 2 . G rinding or Milling 3 . Thining or F iltering 4 . Filling . Pac k aging . Ship m ent

28. MIX I NG Silve r son high shear m ixers are widely used in the m anufactu r e of pain t s, inks and coat i ngs. The high shear ac t ion of t he ro t or / st a t o r workhead can rapid l y dis i ntegrate and dissolve res i ns and poly m ers, d i sperse pig m ents and oth e r raw m at e r i als inc l uding “functional” ing r edi e n t s.

29. vat. The m il l -ba s e is s t i r r e d in du r ing this pha s e. Any final addi t ions are added dur i ng th i s st a ge, if nece s sa r y . The finished product is te s ted in a labo r ato r y . Be f ore m anu f actu r ing is ap p roved, cr i ti c al ingred i en t s are tested. GRINDI N G The pas t e m ix t ure for m ost indust r ial and so m e consu m er pain t s is now rou t ed in t o a sand m i l l, a l a r ge cyl i nder that agi t ates t i ny particles of sand or silica to grind the pig m ent particles, m aking them s m al l er and di s persing them th r oughout the m ix t ure. The m i x t ure is then filt e red to re m ove the sand par t icl e s. The re s in, solv e nt, and add i t i ves are co m bined in a l a r ge

30. DlSPER Stat -: MIXER

31. THINING W he t her c r e a t e d by a sand m i l l or a d i sp e r s i o n t a nk, t h e pa s te m ust now be th i nned to produce the f inal product. T r a nsfe r r e d to l a r ge ke t t l e s , it is ag i t a t e d wi t h t h e proper a m ount of so l ve n t for t h e type of pai n t de s i r ed Colour of paint is adjus t ed in th i s st e p

32. Filtering The non dispersed pig m ent is re m oved th r ough filrat i on. Centr i fuges , sc r eens or pre s sure filt e rs are used for the f iltration purpose

33. Filling and packaging The f ini s hed paint product is then pu m ped into the canning roo m . For the st a ndard 8 pint (3.78 l i t er) paint can ava i lab l e to consu m er s , e m pty c a ns are first ro l led hor i zont a l l y onto lab e ls, then set u p right so that the paint can be pu m ped into the m . A m ach i ne pla c es l i ds onto the f i l led cans, a nd a se c ond m ach i ne presses on the l i ds to s e al the m . From wire that is f ed in t o it from coi l s, a bai l o m et e r cuts and shapes the handles before hooking them into holes precut in the cans. A cer t ain nu m ber of cans (usual l y four) a r e then boxed and st a cked before be i ng sent to the w ar e house.

34. Prop e r ties of an ideal paint Some of t he t y pi c al at t ribut e s r equ i r ed can in c lud e : forming a con t inuous p r ot e c t i v e f i lm high opacity qui c k drying cor r osion r esistan c e water r esistance heat r esistan c e co l our stabi l i t y ( i . e. against visible and ul t ravio l et radiat i on) abra s ion and scratch r esistan c e du r abil i ty f l e x ib i l i ty easi l y c l ean e d