Drainage

Drainage lesson project..

1. Drainage

2. There are some videos in the below page Check it out This link is about the “ Drainage ” :- https://youtu.be/DMgPamV3TuY This link is about the “ How the drainage was built ” :- https://youtu.be/3cCY-YuF02o This link is about the “ Sewer System Animation for Public Works ” :- https://youtu.be/O9e1kR-8Xmc This link is about the “ The hard life of India's illegal sewer cleaners ” :- https://youtu.be/GvrjWlDgE4Y This link is about the “ Sewer Blowouts ” :- https://youtu.be/qSGF-j0LIU4 This link is about the “ How A Septic Tank Works” :- https://youtu.be/bHYuyGJzix8

3. What do you mean by Drainage ? Drainage is the system or process by which water or other liquids are drained from a place. Line the pots with pebbles to ensure good drainage. The drainage system has collapsed because of too much rain. Synonyms: sewerage, waste, sewage More Synonyms of drainage.

4. Residential Drainage Systems Residential drainage systems remove excess water from residential areas. This system helps whisk water away from walkways, driveways, and roofs to avoid flooding. Residential drainage systems are very important as they prevent rotting, mold, mildew, and structural damage in buildings from a buildup of water.

5. What are the four types of Drainage ? The types of residential drainage systems are: 1)Surface 2)Subsurface 3)Slope 4)Downspout/gutters

6. Surface Drainage Systems Surface drainage systems contain shallow ditches dug in a parallel pattern, which act as canals for run-off water. Theses ditches lead the water into the main drain to avoid water pooling and flooding. Surface drainage is the diversion or orderly removal of excess water from the surface of land by means of improved natural channels or constructed drains, supplemented when necessary by shaping and grading of land surface to such drains.

7. What are the different types of Surface Drainage Systems ? Some of the major drainage systems are: Open drains Humps and Hollows Levees Grassed waterways

8. Open Drainage

9. Open Drains On the basis of dimensions, Open drains can be of three types: Shallow :- These are only up to 300mm deep and can be created with the help of a hand shovel. They help remove water from shallow depressions and direct them to a larger drain or a stream. These are not suited for draining a large area of land and are more in the shape of a temporary arrangement.

10. Medium Depth Such drains are between 300mm to a meter deep and are created with the help of an excavator. These are typically V-shaped and flat at the bottom and a gradient that is steep enough to help water flow through quickly without damaging the drain walls or bottom. They are best suited for flat areas.

11. Large Large open drains can be several meters deep and wide and are created with the help of dragline excavators, bulldozers, or scrapers and are capable of evacuating large volumes of water. A drainage basin is any area of land where precipitation collects and drains off into a common outlet, such as into a river , bay , or other body of water . The drainage basin includes all the surface water from rain runoff , snowmelt , hail, sleet and nearby streams that run downslope towards the shared outlet, as well as the groundwater underneath the earth's surface

12. Humps and Hollows This is a system where a surface is shaped into parallel humps separated by hollows. This allows the humped shapes to shed excess moisture into the hollows which double up as shallow surface drains. This type of surface drainage is ideal for areas where tile or mole drainage is not possible on account of inadequate depth or fall of the soil.The humps and hollows system creates a series of lateral surface drains that help discharge water into headland drains. One can use formulae to calculate the size of the drain taking into account the amount of water required to be removed. The spacing between the humps may vary between 10 to 20 meters depending upon the speed with which the water needs to be removed. The greater the space between the humps, the slower will be the rate of discharge of water.

13. Levees Levees are surface channels usually created on land with a gradient in such a manner that the soil removed to create these forms a levee on the downslope of these channels. This helps the surface runoff not build so much velocity while flowing down a slope that it starts eroding the land. The banks or levees have to follow the lay of the slope and make the water flow down gently and not create make the lane below susceptible to landslips.

14. Ideally, such levees should have a spacing of 30 to 50 meters for slopes that possess a gradient of five to twelve degrees. Every levee can cater to an area of about 3 hectares with a total length that is less than 400 meters. Care must be taken to establish a grass cover immediately after creating a levee, or the channel could quickly erode.

15. Grassed Waterways A grassed waterway is typically quite shallow and maybe narrow to a few meters in width. These can be used to regulate drain outflows going down slopes, so as to cheaply prevent erosion. The ratio between the vertical and horizontal sections of the waterway needs to be in 1:4 proportion. A necessary prerequisite of such a waterway is a dense expanse of grass. The quantity of water to be evacuated, as well as the steepness of the slope, will have a bearing on both the size and the shape of the waterway.

16. Subsurface Drainage Systems A subsurface drainage system is also known as a French drain. Subsurface drains are placed beneath the top layer of soil to remove excess water at the root level. Subsurface drains require the digging of deep ditches and the installation of underground pipes. A large collector drain is installed to collect water from the pipes.

17. Slope Drainage Systems Slope drains allow water to flow downward from a structure with the aid of pipes moving down a slope. A pipe is installed and anchored into a small incline, which causes water to flow through the pipe and away from the structure.

18. Downspout and Gutter systems Downspouts collect water from gutters and divert it to the ground. A downspout is typically connected to a gutter system on a building and carries water away from the roof down to the ground. Downspouts empty out the water on a slope so that the water does not pool at the base of the downspout. Combined drainage systems use a single drain to convey both water from sanitary usage and rainwater from roofs and other surfaces to a shared sewer. This system is economical to install. Separate drainage systems use separate foul water drains that lead to a sanitary sewer. The rainwater from roofs and other surfaces is conveyed in a separate surface water drain into a surface water sewer. This system is relatively expensive to install. Our SE exam review courses thoroughly review the building and design codes to follow proper drainage system installations.

19. This Project is done by Rohit