Drainage and canal lining construction.pptx

Drainage construction.

1. A PRESENTATION on CONSTRUCTION OF DRAINAGE SYSTEM AT RURAL ROADS Presented B y :-Ankit Kumar Enrollment No :- (DP017302217397) Diploma in Civil Engg. Of DIPLOMA IN CIVIL ENGINEERING Guided To :- Mr. Shahnawaz A Mir (Assistant Professor Diploma in Civil Engg.)

2. CONTENT 1.Introduction 2.Why do we need Drainage system 3.Types Of Drainage system 3.1 Surface drainage system 3.2 Subsurface drainage system 3.3 Slope drainage system 3.4 Underground downspouts 3.5 Gutters system 4. Advantages of Drainage system 5. Disadvantages of Drainage system 6. Conclusion of Drainage system

3. LEARNING OBJECTIVE Identified the different types of drainage systems used in rural road construction. Developed skills to assess site conditions and determine appropriate drainage solutions. To create drainage system designs that meet local environmental regulations and standards. Evaluated different materials used in drainage construction, considering factors like durability, cost, and environmental impact. Gained knowledge of construction techniques for implementing drainage systems, including trenching, installation, and backfilling.

4. 1. Introduction A drainage system is a network of structures and channels designed to collect, convey, and manage excess water, preventing flooding, erosion, and water damage. It includes components such as pipes, ditches, catch basins, and retention ponds, which work together to control surface and subsurface water flow in various environments, including urban, agricultural, and natural settings. The primary goal of a drainage system is to ensure efficient water management and maintain the health of ecosystems and infrastructure .

5. 2. Why do we need Drainage system 1. Flood Prevention Drainage systems are designed to manage and redirect excess rainwater and surface runoff. By channeling this water away from populated areas, they significantly reduce the risk of flooding, which can cause damage to homes, roads, and infrastructure. 2. Soil Health In agricultural settings, proper drainage is vital. Waterlogged soil can suffocate plant roots and lead to poor crop health. A good drainage system helps maintain optimal moisture levels, promoting healthier plants and higher agricultural yields.

6. 3. Erosion Control Excess water can lead to soil erosion, washing away topsoil and nutrients crucial for plant growth. Drainage systems help direct water flow, minimizing its erosive power and preserving the landscape. 4. Water Quality Improvement Drainage systems often incorporate features that filter out pollutants and sediments before water enters larger bodies of water, like rivers and lakes. This helps maintain clean water, benefiting ecosystems and communities reliant on these water sources.

7. 5. Infrastructure Protection Water accumulation around buildings, roads, and other infrastructure can lead to structural damage. Drainage systems ensure that water is diverted away from these areas, protecting investments and enhancing safety. 6. Public Health Stagnant water is a breeding ground for mosquitoes and other pests, which can spread diseases. Effective drainage systems help eliminate standing water, reducing health risks and enhancing community well-being.

8. 7. Sustainable Water Management In the context of climate change and urbanization, sustainable drainage practices (like green roofs and permeable pavements) are increasingly important. These systems allow rainwater to infiltrate the ground naturally, replenishing groundwater supplies and reducing runoff, which can overwhelm traditional drainage systems. 8. Aesthetic and Recreational Value Well-designed drainage systems can enhance the aesthetics of an area, contributing to parks, green spaces, and water features that improve the quality of life for residents.

9. 3. TYPES OF DRAINAGE SYSTEM 1 Surface drainage system 2 Subsurface drainage system 3 Slope drainage system 4 Underground downspouts 5 Gutters system

10. 1. Surface drainage system A surface drainage system is crucial for managing excess water on the ground, especially in areas prone to flooding or waterlogging. It comprises various components and practices designed to direct surface runoff away from specific areas, thereby protecting infrastructure, enhancing agricultural productivity, and maintaining water quality. Fig:- Surface drainage system

11. 1. Surface drainage system Components: Ditches and Channels : These are excavated paths that direct water flow away from areas where it can cause problems. They can be lined or unlined depending on the soil type and water volume. Swales : Shallow, vegetated channels that help slow down and filter stormwater while directing it toward desired drainage points. Catch Basins : These are installed at low points to collect surface runoff, helping to prevent water accumulation. They usually have grates to allow water in while filtering out debris. Pipes and Culverts : Used to transport water from one area to another, often beneath roadways or other structures. Outfalls : The points where water is discharged from the drainage system, often into a larger water body or a designated area designed to handle runoff.

12. 2. Subsurface drainage system A subsurface drainage system is designed to manage excess water below the surface of the ground, preventing waterlogging, improving soil structure, and enhancing agricultural productivity. Unlike surface drainage systems, which manage water at or near the surface, subsurface drainage systems operate underground and typically involve a network of pipes or tiles. Fig:- Subsurface drainage system

13. 2. Subsurface drainage system Key Components Drainage Pipes or Tiles Perforated Pipes : Made of materials like PVC or corrugated plastic, these pipes have holes that allow water to enter from the surrounding soil. Non-Perforated Pipes : Used to transport collected water away from the system without allowing additional water to enter. Gravel or Aggregate Material Surrounds the perforated pipes to facilitate water movement into the pipes and prevent soil from clogging them. The gravel aids in filtration and enhances drainage efficiency. Filter Fabric A permeable material placed between the soil and gravel to prevent fine particles from entering the drainage system while still allowing water to flow. Catch Basins or Sumps Located at low points in the system to collect water and facilitate its removal through the drainage pipes.

14. 3. Slope drainage system A slope drainage system is designed to manage surface water runoff in sloped or hilly terrains. These systems are crucial for preventing erosion, managing stormwater, and protecting infrastructure from water-related damage. In sloped areas, water naturally flows downhill, which can lead to issues such as soil erosion, landslides, and localized flooding. A slope drainage system is implemented to control this water movement, redirecting it in a manner that minimizes erosion and maximizes water management efficiency. Fig:- Slope drainage system

15. 3. Slope drainage system Components of a Slope Drainage System Swales:- Shallow, vegetated channels that facilitate the flow of water while allowing for infiltration. They can help slow down runoff, filter pollutants, and reduce erosion. Ditches:- Excavated channels that collect and direct water away from slopes. Ditches can be lined with vegetation or other materials to stabilize soil and enhance drainage. Catch Basins:- Structures located at low points to capture runoff. They typically have a grate to filter debris and connect to drainage pipes that carry water away. Perforated Drainage Pipes:- Buried pipes that collect water from the surrounding soil. These pipes have small holes that allow water to enter while keeping out soil particles.

16. 4. Underground downspouts Underground downspouts are essential components of a building's drainage system, designed to direct rainwater away from roofs and foundations to prevent water damage and erosion. Underground downspouts transport water from the roof gutters directly to a designated drainage area, such as a storm sewer, drainage ditch, or rain garden. This system helps manage excess rainwater efficiently, reducing the risk of flooding and other water-related issues. Fig:- Underground downspouts

17. 4. Underground downspouts Key Components Downspout Leaders:- These vertical pipes connect to the gutters and direct water down from the roof. They can be made from materials such as PVC, metal, or flexible plastic. Elbow Fittings:- Used to change the direction of the downspout, typically transitioning from vertical to horizontal to connect with underground pipes. Drainage Pipes:- These can be perforated or solid pipes buried underground that carry the water away from the building. Perforated pipes allow some infiltration into the surrounding soil, while solid pipes transport water to a designated discharge point. Catch Basins:- Installed at the junction points where water flows from the downspouts. Catch basins help collect debris and sediment, preventing clogs in the drainage system.

18. 5. Gutters system A gutter system is designed to collect and divert rainwater from the roof of a building to prevent water damage, erosion, and flooding around the foundation. It plays a crucial role in managing stormwater runoff and protecting both the structure and the landscape. Fig:- Gutters system

19. 5. Gutters system Functions of a Gutter System Water Management:- Collects rainwater from the roof and directs it away from the foundation, preventing water accumulation that can lead to flooding or erosion. Foundation Protection:- By channeling water away from the base of the structure, gutters help prevent foundation damage and basement flooding. Erosion Control:- Reduces soil erosion around the home by preventing heavy runoff that can wash away topsoil. Roof Protection:- Prevents water from pooling on the roof, which can lead to leaks, sagging, or structural damage over time.

20. Advantages of Drainage system 1. Flood Prevention:- Effective drainage systems manage stormwater runoff, preventing water from pooling around buildings and in low-lying areas. This reduces the likelihood of flooding, protecting both property and infrastructure during heavy rainfall events. 2. Foundation Protection:- By directing water away from the foundation of a building, drainage systems minimize the risk of water infiltration and structural damage. Excess water can weaken foundations over time, leading to costly repairs. 3. Erosion Control:- Properly designed drainage systems help control water flow, reducing soil erosion around gardens, yards, and landscapes. This helps maintain soil quality and prevents sediment from washing away, preserving plant health. 4. Improved Water Quality:- Drainage systems can incorporate features such as bioswales or rain gardens that filter pollutants from stormwater before it enters natural water bodies. This helps protect aquatic ecosystems and improves overall water quality.

21. Disadvantages of Drainage system 1. Cost of Installation:- Installing a drainage system can be expensive, particularly for large or complex projects. Costs include materials, labor, and potential excavation, which may be a financial burden for homeowners or developers. 2. Maintenance Requirements:- Drainage systems require regular maintenance to function effectively. This includes cleaning out debris, inspecting for blockages, and repairing damaged components. Neglect can lead to system failure and additional costs. 3. Potential for Clogging:- Over time, drainage systems can become clogged with leaves, dirt, and other debris. Clogs can impede water flow, leading to flooding and the need for costly repairs or professional cleaning. 4. Soil Erosion:- In some cases, improper drainage can exacerbate soil erosion rather than mitigate it. If water is directed too forcefully or inappropriately, it can erode soil in unintended areas, damaging landscapes and structures.

22. Conclusion During my summer internship I understood the importance of drainage system, they were provided at the side of roads to prevent the water logging on the roads, etc. I got to know about the different types of drainage systems, they are as follow:- Surface drainage system, Subsurface drainage system, Slope drainage system, Underground downspouts, Gutters system. In which I had worked on the surface drainage system and learned the uses of it and where it does to be provided. This internship period had been helped me to improve my on-field knowledge and construction skills.