drugs that used in dental practices.pptx

a brief seminar on some of the drugs that's used in dental practice and its effect on the body

1. Drugs I n Dentistry By: minatullah ayad

2. Drugs Classification ANTIBIOTICS ANALGESICS ANTIFUNGALS ANTIVIRALS

3. ANTIBIOTICS  Amoxycillin  Amoxycillin + clavulanic acid (Augmentin ) cephalosporins  Cephalexin Macrolides Azithromycin  Tetracycline Metronidazole

4. Amoxycillin    Indications – 1 ) Dentoalveolar abscesses 2 ) Infection around the wisdom teeth or 3) Infections that develop after surgery as antibiotic prophylaxis  Duration of action- 8 hr  Availability – tablet , capsule , syrup, injection

5. AMOXYCILLIN + CLAVULANIC ACID(Augmentin) Indications – 1) Dentoalveolar infections those are resistant to other penicillin 2) Complicated tooth infection 3 ) Complicated root canal infection 4 ) Complicated abscesses, especially those extending into the sinuses, gums and bone 5) Gum infections that haven’t responded to other drugs Availability – tablet, suspension

6. Cephalosporins Cephalosporins are β-lactam antimicrobials used to manage various infections caused by both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Cephalosporins are categorized into 5 generations based on their spectrum of coverage against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria and their temporal discovery.

7. Cephalexin classified as a first-generation cephalosporin. Indications ; Occasionally used as an alternative to penicillin to treat dental infections in patients allergic to the latter drug. Presentations; ( i ) 250 mg and 500 mg capsules and tablets. Dose Adults: 250 mg four times daily. Children: a daily dose of 25 mg/kg (in divided doses). Contraindications Hypersensitivity (cross-sensitivity, 10%, Porphyria.

8. AZITHROMYCIN 2 nd generation macrolides. Indications – 1) Allergy to penicillin 2 ) Used in odontogenic infection  Duration of action- terminal elimination half life>40 hr  Availability – tablet, capsule, syrup  Side effects- nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea , epigastric distress, headache, rash

9. TETRACYCLINE Indications- 1) Juvenile periodontitis 2) Periodontal abscess 3 ) Desquammative gingivitis  Duration of action- upto 12 hrs  Availability- tablet, capsule  Side effects-nausea , vomiting, discoloration of teeth

10. METRONIDAZOLE Indications – 1) Anaerobic infection 2) Aggressive periodontitis 3 ) Necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis  Availability- tablet ,suspension  Duration of action- 8 hrs  Adverse effect- anorexia, nausea, metallic taste, glossitis  Contraindication – pregnancy

11. Antibiotic prophylaxis the administration of antibiotics to a dental patient for prevention of harmful consequences of bacteremia, that may be caused by invasion of the oral flora into an injured gingival or peri -apical vessel during dental treatment . 1.amoxiciline 2.cephalexin

12. ANALGESICS Paracetamol Diclofenac sodium NSAIDS Ibuprofen

13. Paracetamol Indications- Used in dentoalveolar pain Availabel as tablets , capsules , syrup(for children ) Contraindicated in known hypersensitivity to paracetamol, asthmatic pt.

14. Diclofenac sodium Indication- Used in acute dental pain  Availability – tablet,capsule , injection, vial, ampoule , Side effects- gastrointestinal disorders, GI bleeding  Contraindication- peptic ulcer, GI bleeding, NSAID induced allergic asthma

15. Ibuprofen NSAIDS Indications- Used in dentoalveolar pain  Duration of action- 5-10 hrs  Availability – tablet, capsule, syrup, suspension, gel  Side effects- nausea, vomiting, indigestion, GI intolerance  Contraindication-peptic ulcer, h/o hypersensitivity to aspirin

16. ANTIVIRAL ACYCLOVIR Indications- 1 ) Herpes labialis 2) Herpes zoster 3) Primary herpetic gingivostomatitis  Availability- tablet, ointment, cream  Adverse effect- burning, local irritation  Contraindication- hypersensitivity

17. ANTIFUNGAL  Nystatin  Fluconazole

18. NYSTATIN Indications- Oral cavity candidal infection  Side effects-rash , diarrhoea , nausea, vomiting.  Availability- tablet , suspension (for children) , cream

19. Fluconazole Indications – 1) Fungal infections related to oral cavity 2) To treat oral candidiasis or thrush  Side effects- nausea, vomiting  Availability- capsule, tablet  Contraindication- hypersensitivity to fluconazole

20. Drugs must be available in dental clinic for emergency cases: Aspirin Epinephrine Glucose Injectable antihistamine Bronchodilater

21. Thank you