E2C vs E2D Hawkeye Presentation US Aircraft

E2c vs E2D difference

1. Sonics 1 Rectangular Field To carry out thorough area search so as to detect even stationary or slow-moving submarine. Interbuoy Spacing 1.5 × MDR Number of buoys (N) No of rows (X) × No of columns (Y) Length of Area Y × 1.5 MDR Width of A = π r² X × 1.5 MDR Area (1.5 MDR)² × (X × Y)

2. Sonics 1 Rectangular Field The inter-buoy spacing may be increased to 2 MDR at the discretion of Tactical Commander based on the size of area and submarine characteristics Line barrier - subset of a rectangular field with the desired number of rows to provide single or multiple line barriers N1 = Number of Sonobuoys in single line barrier = Length of barrier (L) / (1.5 x MDR) No of liner barrier lines = Total number of buoys (N)/ N1

3. Sonics 1 Rectangular Field

4. Sonics 1 Rectangular Field

5. Irregular Field - Sonics 2 To carry out thorough area search so as to detect a slow-moving submarine Interbuoy Spacing 1.5 × MDR Number of buoys (N) X x N1 no. of even integers till X Length of Area [1.75 (X-1) +1.5] MDR Width of Area [2 (N1-1) +1.5] MDR N1 No of Sonobuoy X No of rows

6. Irregular Field - Sonics 2

7. Honeycomb Field - Sonics 3 To carry out thorough area search so as to detect a fast-moving submarine. Inter-buoy Spacing. 1.5 X MDR Number of buoys (N) 3Hr Hc + 2Hc + Hr No of Honeycomb in row (Hr) 0.58 x length of area / (2 x MDR) No of Honeycomb in column (Hc) 0.50 x width of area / (2 x MDR) Length of area {(1.75Hr) 2MDR} + 1.5 MDR(1.73 is rounded off to 1.75 for ease of calculation) Width of area (4x 2MDR) Hc + 1.5 MDR

8. Honeycomb Field - Sonics 3

9. Sector Barrier Field - Sonics 4 To carry out sector barrier so as to detect a submarine with known limiting courses and speed can be predicted with reasonable accuracy. Inter-buoy Spacing. 1.5 X MDR Radius Time Late x Submarine Speed Length of arc (A) 2π R0/360 Number of sonobuoys required (N)(A/ 1.5 MDR) Angular difference between limiting courses of submarine

10. Sector Barrier Field - Sonics 4 In case of multiple layers of sectors, the following formula can be used Details Formulae Additional arc length to be covered 2πθ(R+(1.5 MDR)L)/360 Additional Number of sonobuoys required (N) θ×L /60 Round off + 1 Θ >= 30, <90 addition of one buoy is reqd Θ Ang diff between limiting course of submarine L No of Layers reqd

11. Sector Barrier Field - Sonics 4 1.5 MDR 0.75 MDR 0.75 MDR DATUM θ

12. Circular Field - Sonics 5 To carry out close search designed for use by one aircraft to investigate a datum or contact. Inter-buoy Spacing. 1.5 X MDR Buoys will be dropped in layers of circular pattern with one buoy in centre . First layer - 06 buoys for optimum coverage. Second layer - 12 buoys Third layer - 24.

13. Circular Field - Sonics 5

14. Circular Field - Sonics 5 Radius (R) C/2(pi) Circumference (N-1) x 1.5 MDR Angular Separation between adjacent buoys (α) 360° / (No of sonobuoys in circle)

15. SCOPE E-2 Hawkeye Origin Early Evolution Differences Global Operation

16. SONICS 1 Rectangular field Purpose Description Interbuoy Spacing

17. SONICS 1 Rectangular field Purpose Description Interbuoy Spacing

18. SONICS 1 Rectangular field Purpose Description Interbuoy Spacing

19. SONICS 1 Rectangular field Purpose Description Interbuoy Spacing

20. Why Compare E-2C and E-2D? Both serve as Airborne Early Warning and Control (AEW&C) platforms. Key to maritime surveillance, airspace management, and battlefield coordination. Understanding the differences shows the technological evolution of naval aviation.

21. E-2C vs E-2D Hawkeye: Evolution of the Navy’s Eye in the Sky

22. SCOPE E-2 Hawkeye Origin Early Evolution Differences Global Operation

23. E-2 Hawkeye Carrier-based airborne early warning (AEW) aircraft Developed by Northrop Grumman for the U.S. Navy . Nickname: 'The Navy's Eyes in the Sky.' Designed for catapult launch and arrested recovery on aircraft carriers. Twin turboprop engines and rotating radar dome

24. Origin First flight: 1960 Entered service: 1964 (E-2A) Developed to replace the E-1 Tracer, the U.S. Navy’s first carrier AEW aircraft. Designed for carrier operations with folding wings and twin turboprops

25. Early Evolution E2A First production model. Faced radar and avionics reliability issues . Quickly upgraded in later versions. E2B Featured improved computers and radar reliability. Served mainly as a stop-gap fix.

26. E-2C vs E-2D Feature E-2C Hawkeye E-2D Advanced Hawkeye First Flight 1971 2007 Entered Service Mid-1970s 2014 (U.S. Navy) Radar System AN/APS-145 AN/APY-9 (AESA, electronically scanned) Cockpit Analog gauges All-glass digital cockpit Data Links Link-4 (basic) Link-16, CEC, TTNT Aerial Refueling Not available Available (since 2019) Range / Endurance ~6 hours 8+ hours (with refueling) Crew 5 5

27. RADAR CAPABILITIES LEGACY VS NEXT-GEN Feature E-2C Hawkeye (APS-145) E-2D Advanced Hawkeye (APY-9) Radar Type Mechanically scanned Electronically + mechanically scanned Detection Range (Surface) Medium range (~150Nm) Extended range (>200Nm) Detection Range (Air) Medium range (~300Nm) Extended range (>350Nm) Target Tracking 2000+ 10000+ Stealth detection Limited Greatly enhanced (can track small RCS targets) Modes 5 10

28. MODERNIZED COCKPIT IN THE E-2D Feature E-2C Hawkeye E-2D Advanced Hawkeye Cockpit Type Analog gauges All-glass digital cockpit Displays Electro-mechanical instruments Multi-Function Displays (MFDs) Navigation System Legacy INS/GPS Enhanced GPS/INS with embedded precision Night Vision Partial Fully NVG-compatible Mission System Integration Standalone mission consoles Fully integrated with radar/comms systems

29. FORCE MULTIPLIER: AERIAL REFUELING Feature E-2C Hawkeye E-2D Advanced Hawkeye Aerial Refueling Capability Not equipped Equipped (added starting in 2019) On-Station Time Limited (~4–6 hours) Extended (8+ hours with refueling) Strategic Range Fixed by internal fuel Greatly increased with tankers (e.g., KC-130, F/A-18 buddy pod) Carrier Group Support Timed sorties only Continuous overwatch possible

30. COUNTERMEASURES Capability E-2C Hawkeye E-2D Advanced Hawkeye Radar Warning Receiver ALR-73 / ALR-80 / ALR-95 Modern digital RWR (classified model) ESM ALQ-217(V) in late E-2Cs 0.5-18Ghz ALQ-217(V)2 0.5-40Ghz Chaff/Flares None on older E-2Cs Installed on newer variants or field mods Automatic Dispensing Manual Integrated with threat warning Infrared Missile Warning System (IR MWS) Not available Planned/future upgrade (DIRCM possible)

31. VISUAL DIFFERENCE Feature E-2C E-2D Radar dome Rounded Flat, squared-off Refueling probe No Yes (on nose) Cockpit Older framed Sleeker, glass cockpit Sensors/antennas Fewer Many, especially under fuselage Nose gear door Shorter Longer (to accommodate refueling probe)

32. GLOBAL OPERATORS OF THE E-2 HAWKEYE Country Variant(s) in Use Remarks United States E-2C, E-2D U.S. Navy operates from aircraft carriers. France E-2C French Navy from the aircraft carrier Charles de Gaulle. Japan E-2C, E-2D Japan Air Self-Defense Force (JASDF) for airspace surveillance. First international buyer of E-2D. Taiwan E-2K Operated by the Republic of China Air Force. Egypt E-2C (upgraded) Used for regional surveillance. Upgraded with newer radars.

33. Key Takeaways • E-2D is a major leap over E-2C in radar, cockpit, and communications. • Provides better interoperability and mission endurance. • Essential to modern networked and multi-domain warfare.