Early Men of Science: Its Conribution and Implications

Early Men of Science

1. Jackie Varquez
Early Men of Science
Their Contributions and Its
Implication to the History
of Science

2. Contents
01Scientific
Revolution
02
Early Scientists
and other notable
scientists
03Importance/
Outcomes
04
Implications to the
history of science

3. 01
The Scientific Revolution was a period
of rapid scientific advancement in
Europe that transformed the way
people understood the world. It was a
time of great intellectual and social
upheaval, as new ideas and discoveries
challenged traditional beliefs.
SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION

4. ❖Takes place in Europe
(16
th
,17
th
, and 18
th
centuries)
The church often get their answers from
Ancient Rome or Ancient Greece, primarily Aristotle (Ancient
Greek Philosopher)
Back then if people have questions about nature, life, and
the way things worked. They resort to church and the church
would be often default to either bible or Ancient Rome or
Greece
01

5. ❖Emphasize the idea of “REASON”
Find answers to things based on their “OBSERVATION” of
science
Scientific Revolution was when people would look for
answers not so much through the church but they began to
look for answers to nature through REASON and
SCIENTIFIC OBSERVATION
01

6. 1. Nicholas Copernicus


015 Theories or 5 Discoveries
•Polish astronomer who introduces Heliocentric
Theory (the sun rather than the earth was the
center of our solar system)
•People thought before that geocentric theory
(Earth as the center of the solar system) and
the sun revolves around the Earth
•How did Copernicus figure this out ?
- Through SCIENTIFIC OBSERVATION and
through REASON

7. 2. Johannes Kepler
015 Theories or 5 Discoveries
•German astronomer and mathematician
•Talks about Planetary motion and agreed to
Copernicus’ theory
•As he looked through scientific observation, he
discovered that planets moved in ellipses in
almost like an oval pattern as they revolved
around the sun

8. 3. Galileo Galilei
015 Theories or 5 Discoveries
•The father of modern science and made
major contributions to the fields of physics,
astronomy, cosmology, mathematics and
philosophy
•Invented a telescope where people can look
up into the planets and see what’s taking
place

9. 3. Galileo Galilei
015 Theories or 5 Discoveries
•His inventions, from compasses and balances
to improved telescopes and microscopes,
revolutionized astronomy and biology
• Galilleo discovered craters and mountains on
the moon, the phases of Venus, Jupiter’s moons
and the stars of the Milky Way
• His penchant for thoughtful and inventive
experimentation pushed the scientific method
toward its modern form.

10. 4. Isaac Newton
015 Theories or 5 Discoveries
•Far more than just discovering the laws of gravity,
Sir Isaac Newton was also responsible for working
out many of the principles of visible light and the
laws of motion, and contributing to calculus.
•Revolutionized thinking about science
•Changed things people believed for a long time
that the Earth was in one specific sphere.

11. 4. Isaac Newton
015 Theories or 5 Discoveries
•Gravity or the pull that two bodies have towards
each other is universal. What takes place in outer
space is exactly what takes place on Earth and
what affects the gravity is the distance between
two objects or the overall mass of either one of
these objects. Simply means gravity is universal.
He came up with this Universal Theory of Gravity.

12. 5. William Harvey
015 Theories or 5 Discoveries
•English physician
•Ideas come from medical field
•According to him, human beings have a heart which
people had long known before.
•Heart acts as pump. It circulate blood through the
rest of your system
•Revolutionized or changed the way doctors looked at
human body and treating the human body and
became the basis for the different discoveries that
are eventually made in the medical field
•who was the first to describe accurately how blood
was pumped around the body by the heart

13. 1. Emphasis on Reason & Systematic Observation of Nature
2. Formulation of Scientific Method
3. Expansion of Scientific Knowledge
02Importance/Outcomes

14. 1. Human Hippocrates
03Early Scientists
•was an ancient Greek physician who lived
during Greece's Classical period and is
traditionally regarded as the father of
medicine.
•Major contribution to the field of medicine
was to separate it from its former
association with magic by no longer
accepting that the gods are responsible for
all disease. Instead, Hippocrates allowed
observation, rationality and his own genuine
respect for his patients to guide his practice
(Garrison 94).

15. 1. Human Hippocrates
03Early Scientists
•Using the scientific method, he carefully recorded his
patient’s symptoms and responses to treatments, and
used the data gathered to evaluate and prescribe the
most successful regimens.
•His prestige as a great medical practitioner, educator,
and author helped spread these ideals of rational
medicine throughout the ancient world.

16. 2. Francis Bacon
03Early Scientists
•Francis Bacon (1561–1626) was one of the leading
figures in natural philosophy and in the field of
scientific methodology in the period of transition from
the Renaissance to the early modern era.
•he also published texts in which he speculated on
possible conceptions of society, and he pondered
questions of ethics (Essays) even in his works on
natural philosophy (The Advancement of Learning).

17. 2. Francis Bacon
03Early Scientists
•To the present day Bacon is well known for his
treatises on empiricist natural philosophy (The
Advancement of Learning, Novum Organum
Scientiarum) and for his doctrine of the idols, which
he put forward in his early writings, as well as for the
idea of a modern research institute, which he
described in Nova Atlantis.
•He argued that scientific knowledge is obtained after
making observations and then utilizing inductive
reasoning to interpret the observations. Bacon also
argued that controlled scientific experimentation is
essential for understanding nature.

18. 2. Francis Bacon
03Early Scientists
•He argued that scientific knowledge is obtained after
making observations and then utilizing inductive
reasoning to interpret the observations. Bacon also
argued that controlled scientific experimentation is
essential for understanding nature.

19. 3. Charles Darwin
03Early Scientists
•Charles Robert Darwin was a British naturalist and
biologist known for his theory of evolution and his
understanding of the process of natural selection. In
1831, he embarked on a five-year voyage around the
world on the HMS Beagle, during which time his
studies of various plants and an led him to formulate
his theories. In 1859, he published his landmark book,
On the Origin of Species.

20. His Contributions
Proposed natural selection as the
mechanism of evolution.
Developed Theory of
Evolution
Observed variations in species
across different islands.
Studied Galapagos
Islands
Revolutionized our understanding
of the origin of life.
Published "On the Origin
of Species"

21. 4. Albert Einstein
03Early Scientists
•Albert Einstein is often cited as one of the most influential
scientists of the 20th century. His work continues to help
astronomers study everything fromgravitational
wavestoMercury's orbit.
•The scientist's equation that helped explainspecial
relativity– E = mc^2– is famous even among those who
don't understand its underlying physics.
•Einstein is also known for his theory ofgeneral relativity(an
explanation ofgravity), and the photoelectric effect (which
explains the behavior ofelectronsunder certain
circumstances); his work on the latter earned him a Nobel
Prize in Physics in 1921.

22. 4. Albert Einstein
03Early Scientists
Einstein also tried in vain to unify all the forces of the
universe in a single theory, or a theory of everything,
which he was still working on at the time of his death.

23. Contributions to Modern Physics
Revolutionized understanding of space, time,
and gravity.
Developed Theory of Relativity
Explained the photoelectric effect and origins
of quantum mechanics.
Proposed Quantum Theory of Light
Recognized for his groundbreaking scientific
contributions.
Received Nobel Prize in Physics

24. Impact on Scientific Thought
●Revolutionized physics
●Developed groundbreaking theories like relativity
●Challenged classical mechanics
●Introduced new scientific paradigms
●Inspired future generations
●Influenced modern scientific thinking

25. 03
Other Notable Early
Scientists

26. Archimedes
Discovered the principle of water displacement while bathing.
Pioneered hydrostatics and buoyancy
Developed catapults, siege engines, and the Archimedes screw.
Designed innovative war machines
Calculated the value of pi and the surface area of a sphere.
Made groundbreaking mathematical
discoveries

27. Ibn al-Haytham
Studied light, vision, and the nature of sight.
Pioneered optics
Demonstrated how light enters the eye.
Developed camera obscura
Laid foundations for modern optical science.
Wrote influential "Book of Optics"

28. 04
Implications to the
History of Science

29. Paradigm Shifts in Scientific Thinking
Groundbreaking discoveries led to new scientific paradigms.
Challenged Existing Beliefs
Paved the way for advancements in various fields.
Inspired Future Innovations
Shifted the fundamental ways scientists conducted their work.
Revolutionized Approaches to Research

30. Sources
https://www.history.com/topics/inventions/galileo-galilei
https://www.nmspacemuseum.org/inductee/johannes-
kepler/?doing_wp_cron=1728053642.4697380065917968750000
https://www.discovermagazine.com/the-sciences/isaac-newton-worlds-most-famous-
alchemist
https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/isaac-newton-who-he-was-why-
apples-are-falling/
https://www.worldhistory.org/Scientific_Revolution/
https://library.uab.edu/component/finder/search?q=francis+bacon&Itemid=900
https://www.biography.com/scientists/charles-darwin

31. Thank you!