Earth's Subsystems-Module 2.pptx

Earth anfdLife Science

1. EARTH’S SUBSYSTEMS FLOREANN A. BASCO

2. is commonly referred as the spheres which are divided into four: geosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere and biosphere . These four spheres regulate the different functions of Earth which makes it habitable which is similar on how a human body system works. EARTH SYSTEMS

3. All human body systems work together to maintain a well-functioning and healthy body. On Earth, each of the four spheres or systems must keep itself in balance. A change in one system will affect other systems. EARTH SYSTEMS

4. Activity 1.1: Earth Systems Picture Analysis

5. Answer the following: 1) What are the proofs that life forms are existing in the pictures? 2) Describe how you think changes to one feature/system may affect others. 3) How are the Earth spheres shown in the picture interconnected?

6. Earth system is essentially a closed system where it receives energy from the sun and returns some of this energy to space. In contrast, the four spheres of Earth (geosphere, biosphere, atmosphere and atmosphere) are considered open systems where both matter and energy can flow across the boundaries. These systems are all interconnected as shown in the diagram.

7. Biosphere: This sphere is associated with living systems such as biomes or ecosystems. This includes life on land, in the oceans and rivers, and even life that we cannot see with the naked eye. Features: coastal biomes, forests, desert, grasslands, and other ecosystems. Processes: photosynthesis, biogeochemical cycles (carbon cycle, nitrogen cycle..

8. Hydrosphere: This sphere is associated with water in solid (ice) and liquid states. It composed of all waters on the surface (oceans, rivers, and lakes) and also the water underground (in wells and aquifers) and may also include moisture in air (visible as clouds and fogs). Features: oceans, icebergs, lakes, rivers, glaciers, snow, and so on. Processes: hydrologic cycle (condensation, evaporation..), ocean circulation

9. Atmosphere: This sphere relates to meteorological features and phenomena such as weather, clouds, or aerosols (particles in the air). It includes an ever‐changing mixture of gas and small particles located above and surrounding the Earth’s surface. o Features: clouds, weather, aurora, air pollution/aerosols, dust, and so on. o Processes: atmospheric circulation o Layers of the Atmosphere

10. DISTANCE BETWEEN LAYERS TROPOSPHERE MESOSPHERE STRATOSPHERE THERMOSPHERE EXOSPHERE 12 KM (7 MI) 49 KM (30 MI) 85 KM (53 MI) 700 KM (435 MI) 700+ KM (500+ MI) 1 2 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 3 4 5

11. Layers of the Atmosphere Layer Major Features Troposphere Densest part. Almost all weather types are in this region. Stratosphere Location of ozone layer which absorbs and scatters the solar ultraviolet radiation. Mesosphere Region where meteors usually burn up and become “shooting stars” Ionosphere It is where radio communications possible. Thermosphere It is the area of aurora and satellites. Exosphere Upper limit of the atmosphere separating Earth and space.

12. Geosphere: This sphere is associated with solid portions of the Earth. It includes Geosphere: This sphere is associated with solid portions of the Earth. It includes rocks, sediments, soils, and surface landforms. It is predominantly classified as the lithosphere: the upper mantle and crust. rocks, sediments, soils, and surface landforms. It is predominantly classified as the lithosphere: the upper mantle and crust.

13. Processes: weathering, erosion, mantle convection, volcanic eruption, and so on. o Earth’s Interior Layers: Crust – upper portion composed of 2 types: Oceanic crust (underlies the ocean basin) and Continental crust (underlies the continents) which is most abundant composition is oxygen and silicon. Mantle – solid rock layer between crust and crust. Core – it is an iron-rich sphere divided into 2 parts: outer core (liquid iron-nickel-sulfur, generates magnetic field) and inner core (solid iron nickel alloy)

14. The associated features of the geosphere based on types are: • Fluvial & Alluvial processes: deltas, river channels, canyons, alluvial fans • Aeolian processes: sand dunes, yardangs, wind streaks • Tectonic Processes: folds, faults, mountains • Volcanic Processes: volcanoes, central vents, volcanic deposits • Impact Processes: impact craters • Other Processes: mass wasting processes, erosional processes

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