Earth and Life Science SHS 1.3 Nebular Theory.pptx

Earth and Life Science SHS 1.3 Nebular Theory.pptx

1. Lesson 1.3 Nebular Theory

2. explain the origin of the solar system based on the nebular theory; identify the proponents of the nebular theory; and enumerate the negative implications of the nebular theory. 1 At the end of the lesson, you should be able to: 3 4 describe how planets were formed based on the nebular theory; 2

3. According to the Nebular Theory, the solar system originated from a nebula. It is the widely accepted view about the formation of the solar system some 4.5 billion years ago. The Nebular Theory

4. A nebula is defined by NASA as giant cloud of gas and dust in space. This interstellar cloud of dust contains hydrogen, helium and other ionized gases. The Nebular Theory Dusty discs surrounding nearby young stars

5. The formation of the solar system from a nebula occurs in three major steps: (1) cloud collapse , (2) f ormation of protoplanetary disk , and (3) growth of planets. Major Steps in the Formation of the Solar System The Solar System

6. Hypothetically, a shockwave from a supernova or the effect of a passing star may cause a cloud collapse . The collapse at the center of the cloud due to gravity occurs when gas pressure becomes insufficient to support the mass of the cloud. The collapsed cloud of interstellar gas and dust results to a smaller radius which means it will spin faster. Step 1: Cloud Collapse

7. Collapsing of the cloud makes it spin faster. Cloud Collapse

8. Step 2: Formation of Protoplanetary Disk

9. Step 2: Formation of Protoplanetary Disk Metals and silicates could exist near the sun because these compounds have higher boiling points. As a result, terrestrial planets were eventually formed containing high concentration of these compounds. Terrestrial planets. From left to right: Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars.

10. Step 2: Formation of Protoplanetary Disk The terrestrial planets could not grow in huge diameter because of the limited reserve of metallic elements in the solar nebula. Terrestrial planets. From left to right: Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars.

11. D ust and grains surrounding the sun eventually formed clumps. These clumps then accreted forming planetesimals. Planetesimal is a small celestial body that once collide together, it tend to fused to form the planets of the solar system. Step 3: Growth of Planets

12. Step 3: Growth of Planets Growth of planets in the nebular theory.

13. Emanuel Swedenborg Immanuel Kant Pierre-Simon Laplace Proponents of the Nebular Theory Emmanuel Swedenborg Immanuel Kant Pierre-Simon Laplace

14. Particles surrounding Saturn repel each other which is contrary to the assumption that dust particles will be attached to each other forming a planet. It does not follow the law of angular momentum because if the nebular theory is correct then the sun should be spinning at a higher rate than the others. It did not consider Uranus and Venus, which rotates in a clockwise direction while other planets rotates in a counterclockwise direction. Drawbacks of the Nebular Theory

15. Nebular Theory, the solar system originated from a nebula. 1 Nebula is a giant cloud of gas and dust in space. 2 Nebular theory proposes that the solar system was formed through three major steps: cloud ​collapse , formation of protoplanetary disk and ​growth of planets ​. 3

16. Terrestrial planets are closer to the sun and have higher metallic and silicate compounds . Jovian planets are farther from the sun where the lower temperature allows gas to condense. 4 Nebular theory was proposed by Emanuel Swedenborg, Immanuel Kant, and Pierre-Simon Laplace. 5 The nebular theory is weakened by attributes of Saturn, the sun, Uranus, and Venus. 6

17. Complete the flowchart.

18. What should be the composition of the materials in the core, mantle, and crust based on the nebular theory?

19. Rodney Holder and Simon Mitton. 2013. Georges Lemaître: Life, Science and Legacy, Germany: Springer Science & Business Media. John Chambers and Jacqueline Mitton. 2013. From Dust to Life: The Origin and Evolution of Our Solar System, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. Michael Mark Woolfson. 2012. Time, Space, Stars and Man: The Story of the BigBang, Singapore: World Scientific. J. Schombert. 2012. Origin of the Solar System. Accessed March 16, 2017 http://abyss.uoregon.edu/~js/ast121/lectures/lec24.html D. Darling. 2016. Chamberlin-Moulton planetesimal hypothesis. Accessed March 16,2017 http://www.daviddarling.info/encyclopedia/C/CMplanhypoth.html

20. This file, SPHERE images a zoo of dusty discs around young stars by European Southern Observatory (ESO) , is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International via Wikimedia Commons