East Kolkata Wetland

A small effort towards the wise use of wetlands specially about the east kolkata wetland (EKW).

1. WETLANDS ‘Wise use of’

2. EAST KOLKATA WETLAND

3. EAST KOLKATA WETLAND

4. In the year 2002 East Kolkata Wetlands has been recognized as wetland of international significance (Ramsar site No. 1208) to understand the concept of "wise use". In the past it was rich of wilderness and was well-known for its rich floral & faunal diversity. Today this valuable natural asset is highly threatened due to the phenomenon of urbanization.

5. The  East Calcutta Wetlands , also known as the  East Kolkata Wetlands  (22 0 27’ N 88 0 27’ E), are a complex of natural and human-made wetlands lying east of the city of Kolkata, West Bengal in India. The wetlands cover 125 square kilometers, and include salt marshes and salt meadows, as well as sewage farms and settling ponds. The wetlands are used to treat Kolkata's sewage, and the nutrients contained in the waste water sustain fish farms and agriculture.

6. FLORA 30 GENERA OF PHYTOPLANKTON, 1) MYXOPHYCEAE, 2) CHOLOPHYCEAE, 3) BACILLIARIOPHYCEAE, COINED 11,12,7 GENERAS. FROM DIFFERENT AREA 96 SPECIES OF VASCULAR PLANT WERE FOUND WHICH MAINLY GROWS IN WETLANDS & BANK REGION THIS SPECIES WERE UNDER 79 GENERA, 38 FAMILY. VASCULAR PLANTS COINED 62 SPECIES UNDER 53 GENERA & 25 FAMILIES OF DICOTYLEDON, 31 SPECIES UNDER 23 GENERA & 10 FAMILY OF MONOCOTYLEDON & ONLY 3 SPECIES UNDER PTERIDOPHYTES. ALL TOTAL PLANTS ARE 55 SPECIES UNDER 41 GENERA & 26 FAMILY.

7. PHYTOPLANKTONIC DIVERSITY MYXOPHYCEAE CHLOROPHYCEAE BACILLARIOPHYCEAE Anabaena Sp. Closterium Sp. Navicula Sp. Agmenellum Sp. Tetraedron Sp. Nitzschia Sp. Microcystis Sp. Cosmarium Sp. Fragillaria Sp. Spirulina Sp. Euglena Sp. Diatoma Sp. Oscillatoria Sp. Chlorella Sp. Synedre Sp.

8. EUGLENA ANABAENA DIATOM

9. SOME MEDIcINAL PLANT FOUND IN EKW BOTANICAL NAME USED PART USED AS Canna indica L. Root, Rhizome & Scape leaf Narve Tonic, Skin Disease, Asthma, Cardio Tonic. Centella asiatica Leaf Leprocy , Dropcy Colocasia esculenta L. Petiole Styptic, Astringent. Eclipta prostrata Leaf and Whole part Jaundice, Hair-tonic, anti- inflametory , skin disease. Hygrophila schulli Whole Plant Caugh , Anaemia , Flatulence,Dysentry .

10. ECLIPTA Canna indica Colocasia

11. FAUNA THE PLANKTONIC DIVERSITY STUDY REVEALS 17 SPECIES OF ZOOPLANKTONS, WHICH ARE COMMONLY FOUND. 3 CLADOCERAN SPECIES ARE COMMON TO FRESH WATER AND NOT FOUND IN THE SEWAGE FED FISHERIES. 5 ROTIFER SPECIES ARE COMMON TO SEWAGE FED FISHERIES. 4 ORDER OF AQUATIC INSECT ARE BELONGING IN EKW VIZ. HEMIPTERA, COLEPTERA, ODANATA AND DIPTERA. THIS AREA IS ALSO WELKNOWN FOR MIGRATORY BIRDS.

12. cLADOCERAN ROTIFER ZOOPLANKTON

13. MIGRATORY BIRDS OF EKW

14. INSECT FISH* AMPHIBIA REPTILIA BIRDS CULTURED FISH Gerris spinolae Catla catla Rana tigrina Naja naja naja Dinopium Ranatra elongata Labeo rohita Rana hexadactyla Naja kaonthia Megalaima zyelanica Eanatra varips Cirrhinus mrigala Rana limnocharis Amphiesma stlata Upupa epose WILD FISH Berosus indicus Heteroneustes fossilis Bufo melanostictus Calotes versicolor Ceryle rudis Canthydrus laetabilis Anabas testudineus Enhdris entrydris Columba livia Eretes stictius Mystus vittatus Dendrelaphis tristis Passer domesticus * SOME OF THE FISH SPECIES OF EKW ARE TOXIC ACCORDING TO ZSI (SOURSE: www.moef.nic.in )

15. Gerris spinolae Cirrhinus Anabas

16. Rana tigrina Calotes versicolor Dinopium

17. WISE USE OF EKW

18. SEWAGE TREATMENT IN EKW BIOREMIDIATION:- PURIFICATION OF BHeRI : BY A SEAWING CHANNEL WATER COMES TO THE BHeRI . WHERE THE SUSPENDED AND CORE SUSPENDED METERIAL IS REDUCED. THE DEPTH OD THE BHeRI IS 50-150 CM. NOW WATER TREATED WITH ALKALI AND LIME WHICH MAIMTAIN ALKALINE PH WHICH MUST TO REDUCE COLIFORM COUNT. NOW THE WATER RICH IN ORGANIC CONTENT WILL BE MANUALLY EROTED & O2 CONCENTRATION GET HIGHER. NOW SUNLIGHT RICH TILL BOTTOM THROUGH AND THROUGH EROTION AND PLANKTON GROWS.

19. SEWAGE water TREATMENT: PLANKTONS ARE ALLOWED TO GROW FOR INDEFINIT TIME, BEFORE REACHING THE PLANKTON BLOOM THE FISHES RELEASE WHICH FED UPON THE PRIMARY PLANKTON. AGAIN THE NO. OF PHYTOPLANKTONS ARE GROWING AND FISH RELEASE WHICH FED ZOOPLANKTON AS WELL AS PHYTOPLANKTON. THE ENTIRE ORGANIC MATTER WHICH CAME WITH RAW SEWAGE WAS CONSUMED BY PLANKTON AND PLANKTONS ARE FURTHER CONSUMED BY FISHES. IN COMPARE TO RAW SEWAGE WITH BHeRI AFETR TREATMENT 90-96% COLIFORM COUNT ARE DECREASES. THERE IS LARGE DECREASE IN METAL CONTENT.

20. FISHERY IN EKW DURING BIOREMEDIATION FISHES ARE GROWN. WHICH IS ONE THIRED, SOURSE OF FISH REQUIRED IN THE MARKETS OF KOLKATA.

21. AGRICULTURE Depend on ekw AFTER TERATED THE RAW SEWAGE, WATER OF BHARI USED FOR IRRIGATION PURPOSE TO THE ADJOINING AREAS OF THE BHARI. EACH BHARI HAS ITS SURROUNDING FIELS. IT IS NOT WATER WHICH IS USED, AFTER EVERY ROUND OF CULTIVATION BHARI IS NEED TO DRY. THE SILT IS DEPOSITED AT THE BOTTOM WHICH IS ABSOLUTELY FERTILE SPREAD ON THE SURROUNDING FIELDS. And depth of the bhari is maintained. A MEJOR portion of vegetable produce which is required by entire city.

22. Threats'

23. URBANIZATION ThIS wetland WORK AS A free sewage TREATMENT PLANT OF KOLKATA city, a fertile aquatic garden and, most importantly a flood defence – but IT IS under threat from developers. 91.53 hectare area urbanized.

24. THEFT TTHEFT IS A MAJOR PROBLEM OF FISHERY. THE FISHES PRODUCE IN THE FISHERY IT WAS STOLEN. So the owners of fishery faced a huge DAMAGE.

25. DUMPING SITE DHAPA IS A DUMPING SITE NEAREST TO THE EKW. JUST BESIDE THE IRRIGATION FIELD A GARBAGE MOUNTAIN IS STANDING.

26. CONCLUTION It is one of the best integrated resource recovery in the world. Not only sewagE treatment, fishery, irrigation, it generate lots of human resource in terms of employment along with environmental damage prevention. This is the boon of city kolkata and it is absolutely need to be presurved . Without which the detoxification or bioremediation activity will severely hampered.

27. REFERENCES WWW.GOOGLE .COM WWW.SLIDESHARE.COM www.wikipedia.com www.kolkata wetland.org www.ekwma.in www.moef.nic.in

28. SWAGATA CHAKRABORTY PARTHA PRATIM KANDAR