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6. Contents
Preface
About the authors
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCING RENEWABLE ENERGY
(Stephen Peake and Bob Everett)
1.1 Introduction
Force, energy and power
Energy conservation: the First Law of Thermodynamics
Forms of energy
Conversion, efficiencies and capacity factors
1.2 Present-day energy use
World energy supplies
1.3 Fossil fuels and climate change
1.4 Renewable energy sources
Solar energy: direct uses
Solar energy: indirect uses
Non-solar renewables
1.5 Renewable energy use today
World renewable energy use
Energy use in the UK
Energy in the USA
Energy in China
1.6 Renewable energy policies for the future
1.7 Summary
References
Acknowledgements
CHAPTER 2 THERMODYNAMICS, HEAT ENGINES AND HEAT PUMPS
(Bob Everett)

7. 2.1 Introduction
The laws of thermodynamics
2.2 Fuels and combustion
What are fuels?
Higher and lower heating values
2.3 Heat engines
The steam turbine power station
Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) engines
Internal combustion engines
Stirling engine
Thermodynamic limits to heat engine efficiency
A highly efficient system – the combined cycle gas turbine (CCGT)
2.4 Heat pumps
The need for alternative heating systems
Basic principles
Domestic heat pumps
Large heat pump projects
Environmental benefits
Electricity supply considerations
Economics
Is this really renewable energy?
Deployment and future prospects
2.5 Summary
References
Further reading
Acknowledgements
CHAPTER 3 SOLAR THERMAL ENERGY
(Bob Everett)
3.1 Introduction
3.2 The rooftop solar water heater
The pumped solar water heater
The thermosyphon solar water heater

8. 3.3 The nature and availability of solar radiation
The wavelengths of solar radiation
Direct and diffuse radiation
Availability of solar radiation
Tilt and orientation
3.4 The magic of glass
Transparency
Heat loss mechanisms
3.5 Low-temperature solar energy applications
Domestic water heating
Domestic space heating
Varieties of solar heating system
3.6 Active solar heating
History
Solar collectors
Robustness, mounting and orientation
Active solar space heating and interseasonal storage
Solar district heating
3.7 Passive solar heating
History
Direct gain buildings as solar collectors
Window energy balance
The heating season and free heat gains
Passivhaus design
General passive solar heating techniques
Conservatories, greenhouses and atria
3.8 Daylighting
3.9 Solar thermal engines and electricity generation
Concentrating solar collectors
The first solar engine age
The new solar age
3.10 Solar thermal process steam
3.11 Economics, potential and environmental impact

9. Domestic active solar water heating
Passive solar heating and daylighting
Solar thermal engines and electricity generation
3.12 Summary
References
CHAPTER 4 SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAICS
(Godfrey Boyle and Bob Everett)
4.1 Introduction
4.2 A brief history of PV
4.3 The PV effect in crystalline silicon: basic principles
Semiconductors and ‘doping’
The silicon solar cell
4.4 Crystalline PV cells
Monocrystalline silicon cells
Polycrystalline (or multicrystalline) silicon cells
Polycrystalline silicon film
Gallium arsenide
4.5 Thin film PV
Amorphous silicon
Copper indium (gallium) diselenide
Cadmium telluride
4.6 Other PV technologies
Multi-junction PV cells and modules
Concentrating PV (CPV) systems
Future and emerging PV technologies
4.7 Electrical characteristics of silicon PV cells and modules
4.8 PV systems for remote power
4.9 Grid-connected PV systems
PV systems for homess
Electricity yield from PV systems
PV systems for non-domestic buildings
Large, grid-connected PV power plants

10. 4.10 Costs of electricity from PV
4.11 Environmental impact and safety
PV systems
PV module production
The energy balance of PV systems and potential materials
constraints
4.12 PV integration and future prospects
Integration
The growing world photovoltaics market
4.13 Summary
References
CHAPTER 5 BIOENERGY
(Jonathan Scurlock, Caspar Donnison, Astley Hastings, Kevin
Lindegaard and Hazel Smith)
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Bioenergy past and present
From wood to coal
Present biomass contributions
5.3 Biomass as a solar energy store
Conversion efficiencies
5.4 Biomass as a fuel
What are fuels?
Making use of biomass
5.5 Biomass resources
Primary biomass energy sources: plant materials
Secondary biomass sources: wastes, residues and co-products
Tropical crop residues
5.6 Bioenergy processing and conversion technologies
5.7 Environmental assessment of bioenergy
Atmospheric emissions
Land use
Energy balance

11. 5.8 Economics of bioenergy
Bioenergy production costs
Bioenergy policy support
Barriers to market entry
Externalities
Ecosystem services
Case studies
Wood fuel in Africa
5.9 Future prospects for bioenergy
The future of bioenergy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS)
Future perspectives on bioenergy feedstock production
5.10 Summary
References
CHAPTER 6 HYDROELECTRICITY
(Janet Ramage and Bob Everett)
6.1 Introduction
6.2 The Galloway Hydros
Origins
The scheme
Power
The turbines
The salmon
Economics
6.3 The resource
The world resource
Regional resources
National resources
World output
6.4 Small-scale hydro (SSH)
6.5 Stored energy and available power
Potential energy
Power, head and flow rate

12. 6.6 A brief history of water power
The prime mover
Nineteenth-century hydro technology
6.7 Types of hydroelectric plant
Low, medium and high heads
Rates of rotation
Estimating the power
6.8 Types of turbine
Francis turbines
‘Propellers’
Archimedes screw
Pelton wheels
Turgo and cross-flow tubines
Ranges of application
6.9 Hydro as an element in a system
6.10 Environmental considerations
Hydrological effects
Other physical effects
Social effects
Responses from the industry
Environmental effects of small-scale systems
Comparisons
6.11 Economics
Capital costs
Unit costs
6.12 Future prospects
Small-scale hydro
6.13 Summary
References
CHAPTER 7 TIDAL POWER
(David Elliott and Mark Knös)
7.1 Introduction

13. The nature of the resource
The physics of tidal energy
7.2 Power generation from barrages
Barrage designs
7.3 Environmental considerations for tidal barrages
7.4 Integration of electrical power from tidal barrages
7.5 The economics of tidal barrages
7.6 Tidal barrages: potential projects
United Kingdom
World
7.7 Tidal lagoons
7.8 Tidal streams/currents
The resource and its location
Tidal current turbine design constraints and options
7.9 An overview of projects and tidal stream concepts in UK waters
Novel designs
7.10 Tidal current projects and concepts around the world
Tidal current projects – a world overview
Large tidal projects and ocean current schemes
7.11 Tidal current assessment
Environmental impact and integration issues
7.12 Summary
References
CHAPTER 8 WIND ENERGY
(Derek Taylor)
8.1 Introduction
8.2 The wind
Energy and power in the wind
8.3 Wind turbines
A brief history of wind energy
Wind turbine types

14. Horizontal axis wind turbines
Vertical axis wind turbines
8.4 Aerodynamics of wind turbines
Aerodynamic forces
Aerofoils
Relative wind velocity
Harnessing aerodynamic forces
Horizontal axis wind turbines
Vertical axis wind turbines
8.5 Power and energy from wind turbines
How much power does a wind turbine produce?
How much energy will a wind turbine produce?
Estimating the wind speed characteristics of a site
8.6 Environmental impact
Wind turbine noise
Electromagnetic interference
Wind turbines and aviation
Impact on wildlife
Public attitudes to wind power/ planning considerations
8.7 Economics
Calculating the costs of wind energy
8.8 Commercial development and wind energy potential
Wind energy developments worldwide
Small-scale wind turbines
Local community and co-operatively owned wind turbines
Wind energy and buildings
Wind energy potential
European potential
8.9 Offshore wind energy
Offshore wind energy in the UK
8.10 Summary
References

15. CHAPTER 9 WAVE ENERGY
(Les Duckers and Ned Minns)
9.1 Introduction
History
9.2 Introductory case studies
TAPCHAN
The Islay shoreline oscillating water columns
9.3 Physical principles of wave energy
Typical sea state
Variations in the wave power at a given location
Wave pattern and direction
What happens beneath the surface?
Moving into shallow water
Refraction
9.4 Wave energy resources
9.5 Wave energy technology
Power take off
Fixed devices
Floating devices
9.6 Arrays
9.7 Economics
9.8 Environmental impact
9.9 Integration
Wave energy for isolated communities
Wave energy for large electricity grids
9.10 Summary
References
CHAPTER 10 DEEP GEOTHERMAL ENERGY
(James P. Warren)
10.1 Introduction
Geothermal energy – the mining of geothermal heat
The source of heat

16. Historical perspective
10.2 The physics of deep geothermal resources
Primary ingredients
Volcano-related heat sources and fluids
The heat source in sedimentary basins
Geothermal waters
‘Hot dry rocks’ or engineered geothermal systems (EGS)
10.3 Technologies for exploiting high-enthalpy steam fields
Dry steam power plant
Single flash steam power plant
Binary cycle / Organic Rankine Cycle power plant
Double flash power plant
Future developments
10.4 Technologies for direct use of geothermal energy
Enhanced (or engineered) geothermal systems
10.5 Environmental implications
Induced seismicity
10.6 Economics and world potential
10.7 Geothermal potential in the United Kingdom
Sedimentary basin aquifers
Engineered geothermal systems
10.8 Legal and regulatory issues
10.9 Summary
References
Acknowledgements
CHAPTER 11 INTEGRATING RENEWABLE ENERGY
(Bob Everett, Godfrey Boyle, Jonathan Scurlock and David Elliott)
11.1 Introduction
11.2 The existing UK energy system
Distribution
11.3 How can renewable energy decrease greenhouse gas emissions?

17. Electricity-generating renewables
Heat and transport fuels
11.4 How much renewable energy is available?
Renewable potential for the UK
11.5 Is renewable energy available at an acceptable financial cost?
Electricity-generating renewables in the UK
Prices, investment risk and hurdle discount rates
Heat-generating renewables in the UK
Balancing renewables and energy efficiency
World-wide renewable electricity prices
11.6 Are renewable energy supplies available where we want them?
The electricity grid in the British Isles
A pan-European view
11.7 Are renewable energy supplies available when we want them?
Renewables as heat suppliers
Integrating electricity from renewables
Including renewable energy
11.8 Some partial solutions
Electricity demand management
Electricity grid strengthening and enlargement
Using grids to smooth out variability
Complementary electricity generation
Hydrogen – a fuel of the future?
11.9 Summary
References
Further Reading
CHAPTER 12 RENEWABLE ENERGY FUTURES
(Stephen Peake and Bob Everett)
12.1 Introduction
12.2 The transition to renewable energy
Access to reliable electricity and clean cooking fuels
Concerns about fossil fuel depletion

18. Local air pollution
Safety of nuclear power
Reducing global CO
2
emissions
12.3 Current renewable energy policy situation
Falling renewable energy prices
Meeting CO
2
emission targets – Europe in the lead
Can renewable energy be promoted effectively?
12.4 Scenarios for global energy use
Meeting global climate change targets: three scenarios compared
12.5 Future investment needs and programmes of action
Competition from fossil fuels
Possible regional energy policies
Investment needs
Programmes of action
The ‘100% Renewable Energy Movement’
A balancing act
12.6 Summary
References
APPENDIX A ENERGY ARITHMETIC – A QUICK REFERENCE
A1 Orders of magnitude
Powers of ten
Prefixes
A2 Units and conversions
Energy
Power
US energy units
A3 Other quantities
Reference
APPENDIX B LEVELIZED COSTS OF RENEWABLE ENERGY
B1 Introduction
B2 Basic contributions to costings

19. Factors affecting the amount of electricity generated
Factors affecting the total cost
B3 Calculating costs
Payback time
Simple annual levelized cost
References
Acknowledgements
Index

20. Chapter 1
Introducing renewable energy
by Stephen Peake and Bob Everett
1.1 Introduction
Renewable energy sources, derived principally from the enormous power of the Sun’s
radiation, are at once the most ancient and the most modern forms of energy used by
humanity.
Solar power, both in the form of direct solar radiation and in indirect forms such as
bioenergy, water or wind power, was the energy source upon which early human
societies were based. When our ancestors first used fire, they were harnessing the
power of photosynthesis, the solar-driven process by which plants are created from
water and atmospheric carbon dioxide. Societies went on to develop ways of
harnessing the movements of water and wind, both caused by solar heating of the
oceans and atmosphere, to grind corn, irrigate crops and propel ships. As civilizations
became more sophisticated, architects began to design buildings to take advantage of
the Sun’s energy by enhancing their natural use of its heat and light, so reducing the
need for artificial sources of warmth and illumination.
Technologies for harnessing the power of Sun, firewood, water and wind continued to
improve right up to the early years of the industrial revolution. However, by then the
advantages of coal, the first of the fossil fuels to be exploited on a large scale, had
become apparent. These highly concentrated energy sources soon displaced wood,
wind and water in the homes, industries and transport systems of the industrial
nations. Today the fossil fuel trio of coal, oil and natural gas provides just over 80%
of the world’s energy supply.
Concerns about the adverse environmental and social consequences of fossil fuel use,
such as air pollution or mining accidents, and about the finite nature of supplies, have
been voiced intermittently for several centuries. But it was not until the 1970s, with
the steep price rises of the ‘oil crisis’ and the advent of the environmental movement,
that humanity began to take more seriously the prospect of fossil fuels ‘running out’.
Since the 1990s the possibility that their continued use could be destabilizing the

21. planet’s natural ecosystems and the global climate has become a major concern (see
Section 1.3 below).
The development of nuclear energy following the Second World War raised hopes of
a cheap, plentiful and clean alternative to fossil fuels. However, nuclear power
development has stalled in many countries following a series of major incidents, the
most recent being the 2011 Fukushima disaster in Japan, and there are continuing
concerns about capital costs and radioactive waste disposal. Nuclear expansion is
continuing in some countries, in particular in Russia and China.
Continuing concerns about the ‘sustainability’ of both fossil and nuclear fuel use have
been a major catalyst for the enormous investment in renewable energy sources in
recent decades. Ideally, a sustainable energy source is one that:
is not substantially depleted by continued use
does not entail significant pollutant emissions or other environmental problems
does not involve the perpetuation of substantial health hazards or social injustices.
In practice, only a few energy sources come close to this ideal, but as this and
subsequent chapters will show, the ‘renewables’ (see Section 1.4 for an explicit
definition) appear generally more sustainable than fossil or nuclear fuels: they are
essentially inexhaustible and their use usually entails fewer health hazards and much
lower emissions of greenhouse gases or other pollutants.
Before going on to introduce the renewables in more detail, it is first useful to review
some basic energy concepts that may be unfamiliar to readers who do not have a
scientific background. For a more detailed discussion of basic energy concepts see for
example, Energy Systems and Sustainability (Everett et al., 2012).
Force, energy and power
The word ‘energy’ is derived from the Greek en (in) and ergon (work). The scientific
concept of energy (broadly defined as ‘the capacity to do work’) serves to reveal the
common features in processes as diverse as burning fuels, propelling machines or
charging batteries. These and other processes can be described in terms of diverse
forms of energy, such as thermal energy (heat), chemical energy (in fuels or
batteries), kinetic energy (in moving masses), electrical energy, gravitational potential
energy, and various others.
In the main, this book uses the international SI system of units. The conversion factors
between these and other units commonly used in the field of energy can be found in
Appendix A.

22. The scientific world agreed on a single set of units, the SI system (Système
International d’Unités) in 1960. There are seven basic units, of which the three which
are relevant here are the metre (m), the kilogram (kg) and the second (s). The units for
many other quantities are derived from the basic units. For example, the unit for speed
is metres per second, which can be written as m/s. In this book we have adopted the
convention of using negative powers, so it is written as m s
–1
.
Other units have been given specific names, such as the:
newton (N) for force
the joule (J) for energy
the watt (W) for power.
Large quantities are specified using multipliers (see Table 1.1 for some examples).
Thus, a kilowatt (written as 1 kW) is a thousand watts.
Note that, unless otherwise stated, in this book the multiplier M and the terms billion
and trillion are as defined in Table 1.1 (Appendix A has a fuller list of multiplier
prefixes and more details about international variations in definition).
Table 1.1 Multiplier prefixes
Symbol Prefix Multiply by … as a power of ten
k kilo- one thousand 103
M mega-one million 106
G giga- one billion (one thousand million) 109
T tera- one trillion (one million million) 1012
P peta- one quadrillion (one million billion) 1015
E exa- one quintillion (one billion billion) 1018
In order to change the motion of any object, a force is needed, and the formal SI unit
for force, the newton (N), is defined as that force which will accelerate a mass of one
kilogram (kg) at a rate of one metre per second per second (m s
–2
). Expressed more
generally:
force (N) = mass (kg) × acceleration (m s
–2
).
Thus the derived unit, the newton, is equivalent to kg m s
–2
.
In the real world, force is often needed to move an object even at a steady speed, but
this is because there are opposing forces such as friction to be overcome.
Whenever a force is accelerating something or moving it against an opposing force, it

23. must be providing energy. The unit of energy, the joule (J), is defined as the energy
supplied by a force of one newton in causing movement through a distance of 1 metre.
In general:
energy (J) = force (N) × distance (m).
So a joule is dimensionally equivalent to one newton metre (N m).
The terms energy and power are often used informally as though they were
synonymous (e.g. wind energy/wind power), but in scientific discussion it is
important to distinguish between them. Power is the rate at which energy is being
converted from one form to another, or transferred from one place to another. Its unit
is the watt (W), and one watt is defined as one joule per second (J s
-1
). A 100 watt
incandescent light bulb, for example, is converting one hundred joules of electrical
energy into light (and ‘waste’ heat) each second. In popular speech, the terms ‘power’
and ‘energy’ are often taken to denote electricity, but scientifically they apply to any
situation where energy is transferred or converted. Occasionally a power rating maybe
specifically defined as MW
e
or MW
t
where the subscripts e and t refer to electrical
and thermal energy respectively.
In practice, it is often convenient to measure energy in terms of the power used over a
given time period. If the power of an electric heater is 1 kW, and it runs for an hour,
we say that it has consumed one kilowatt-hour (kWh) of energy. As 1 kilowatt is
1000 watts, from the definition of the watt this is 1000 joules per second. There are
3600 seconds in an hour, so:
1 kWh = 3600 × 1000 = 3.6 × 10
6
joules (3.6 MJ).
Energy is also often measured simply in terms of quantities of fuel, and national
energy statistics often use the units ‘tonnes of coal equivalent’ (tce), ‘tonnes of oil
equivalent’ (toe) or even ‘barrels of oil equivalent’ (boe). The most common units and
their conversion factors are listed in Appendix A.
Energy conservation: the First Law of Thermodynamics
The renewable energy technologies described in this book transform one form of
energy into another (the final form in many cases being electricity). In any such
transformation of energy, the total quantity of energy remains unchanged. This
principle, that energy is always conserved, is expressed by the First Law of
Thermodynamics. So if the electrical energy output of a power station, for example,
is less than the energy content of the fuel input, then some of the energy must have
been converted to another form (usually waste heat).

24. Other documents randomly have
different content

25. Johnny Sands.
Katy’s letter.
Kiss me quick and go.
Kate Kearney.
Little old duddeen.
Little Yawcob Strauss—Recitation.
Little more cider.
Miss Gruber’s boarding house.
Maggie by my side.
Merriest girl that’s out.
Mike Brady’s shirt.
Mistletoe bough.
Meet me at the lane.
Mulligan guard.
Nettie Moore.
Nicodemus Johnson.
Nancy Till.
O’Donnel Abu.
Old arm chair.
Our front stoop.
Pat Malloy.
Patriots of Ireland.
Pat Maloney’s family.
Pretty Jemima, don’t say no.
Pull down your vest.

26. Perhaps she’s on the railway.
Pirate’s serenade.
Polish boy—Recitation.
Paddy Blake’s echo.
Rose of Allandale.
Row of tenement houses.
Ring, ring de banjo.
Regular army, O!
Rory O’More.
Spade.
Stump speech.
Shelling green peas.
Skin-tight pants.
Tipperary christening.
They’ve all got a wife but me.
Three black crows.
Twinkling stars.
Tapping at the garden gate.
Thou art gone from my gaze.
Valley lay smiling before me.
Walking down Broadway.
Why should the spirit of mortal be proud—Recitation.
Wait till the clouds roll by.
When the band begins to play.
What is home without a mother?

27. Who will care for mother now?
Widow Malone.
Wrongs of ould Ireland.
Price 10 Cents.
For sale by all Booksellers and Newsdealers in the United States
and Canada, or will be sent post-paid to any address on receipt of
price. Address
H. J. WEHMAN, Publisher,
P. O. Box 1823. 50 Chatham St., New York.

28. Wehman’s Collection of Songs, No.
4.
CONTAINING 99 SONGS.
An Irishman’s toast.
Apple of my eye.
Arthur and Martha.
Asleep at the switch—Recitation.
A knot of blue and gray.
Always gay and free, boys.
Bear it like a man.
Bootblack—Recitation.
Brother’s fainting at the door.
Beautiful snow.
Carry the news to Mary.
Coney Island, down der bay.
Committed to the deep.
Champagne Charlie.
Dearest Mae.
Douglas! tender and true.
Deal with me kindly.
Don’t say I told you.
Down the hill.

29. Deer Island, down the bay.
Fat Mickey.
Feel for the eyes that are weeping.
Five o’clock in the morning.
Get a little table.
Get thee gone, girl.
Get away from dat window.
Human harp.
Hark! I hear an angel sing.
Hildebrand Montrose.
I’ll wait till the clouds roll by.
I had but fifty cents.
’Twas not my father.
In the starlight.
Ivy cabin in the lane.
John Armstrong.
Johnny Dougherty, the tailor.
Just over.
Jim, the carter lad.
Lackawanna spooners.
Light of other days.
Limerick races.
Little back parlor at home.
Little Maggie Ann.
McCarthy’s mare.

30. Mother’s fool—Recitation.
Mulcahey’s gone away.
Man who struck my wife.
My dear little friend, Louise.
Miller’s daughter.
My poor dog Tray.
My pretty Irish queen.
Mother, he’s going away.
No Irish wanted here.
Near the banks of that lone river.
Nelly was a lady.
New York society.
Oh! take me to thy heart again.
Old Grimes’ cellar door.
Old rustic bridge by the mill.
Old Dan Tucker.
Ophelia Murphy’s birthmark.
O! ’tis nice to have a dummy.
Old Grimes is dead.
Parted.
Pennsylvania tramp.
Portrait that hangs on the wall.
Peek-a-boo.
Pretty Peggy.
Robin Adair.

31. Run for the doctor.
Swim out for glory.
Scenes that are brightest.
Since Cordelia first wore bangs.
Since Terry first joined the gang.
Silver slippers.
Steam arm.
Sweet-scented handsome young man.
Shan Van Voght.
Same old game.
Ten little niggers.
To the west.
Tassels on the boots.
There’s a light in the window for thee.
Things that I’d like to see.
Vagabond.
Villain still pursued her.
Waterford boys.
When Johnny comes marching home.
When the Brooklyn bridge is done.
When the pigs begin to fly.
Widow Machree.
Wreck of the “London.”
Where the ivy grows so green.
When this cruel war is over.

32. White squall.
Wouldn’t you like to know.
Water cresses.
What the old cock sparrow said.
Whistling thief.
Price 10 Cents.
For sale by all Booksellers and Newsdealers in the United States
and Canada, or will be sent post-paid to any address on receipt of
price. Address
H. J. WEHMAN, Publisher,
P. O. Box 1823. 50 Chatham St., New York.

33. Wehman’s Collection of Songs, No.
5.
CONTAINING 101 SONGS.
Æsthetic Mick.
After the opera’s over.
A hundred fathoms deep.
A wet sheet and a flowing sea.
Ain’t you awful.
All among the hay.
Big aquarium.
Brannigan’s pup.
Babylon is fallen.
Bell goes a ringing for Sarah.
Biddy Doyle.
Brannigan’s band.
Battle of Fontenoy.
Bowery grenadiers.
Beautiful bells.
Best little wife in the world.
Bridget Donohue.
Bugaboo.
Come back to your Irish home.

34. Cobbler’s daughter.
Colleen Dhas Machree.
Drummer—Recitation.
Death of Nelson.
Dot funny leetle baby—Recitation.
Dude, The—Recitation.
Fast freight—Recitation.
Fine old English gentleman.
Finest police in the world.
Flirtation O’Toole.
Female barber shop.
General Grant’s trip around the world.
Gilhooley, your coat is half-mast.
Good-bye, John.
Gobble song.
Gold, gold, gold.
Great man that Ireland has seen.
Good-bye, my lover, good-bye.
Hang up the baby’s stocking.
I’ll tell nobody.
I’m proud I’m an Irishman born.
I must be there on New Year’s day—Rec.
It’s a cold day when I get left.
I’ll meet her when the sun goes down.
I’ll take you home again, Kathleen.

35. I’m proud I’m an Irishman’s son.
I was despised because I was poor.
Jumbo.
Johnny Morgan.
Just down the lane.
Jenny who lives in the dell.
Jessie, the flower of Dumblane.
Kerry dance.
Lorena.
Lancashire lass.
Lovely land of dreams.
Life is but a game of cards—Recitation.
Maud Muller (in Dutch)—Recitation.
Montgomery guard—Recitation.
Man who taught her to dance.
Mattie dear.
Mott Street, 499.
My love Nell.
My love she is a fairy queen.
Moonlight walk.
Nobody knows the trouble I see.
Nobody knows what a racket was there.
New York Police Gazette.
Norine Maureen.
No Irish need apply.

36. Only a pin—Recitation.
Only to see thee, darling.
Oh! you little darling, I love you.
One more ribber for to cross.
Over the neighbor’s fence.
Old pine tree.
Pool.
Poor Irish minstrel.
Romance of a hammock—Recitation.
Rock the cradle, John.
Ship that brought me over.
Stuck on our shape.
Some one to love.
Speak, oh speak to me again.
Tail iv me coat.
They’re all getting married but me.
Tom Bowling.
Tommy, make room for your auntie.
This little plain gold ring.
Touch the elbow.
Up in a balloon.
Up in a mulberry tree.
We never speak as we pass by.
Wolf at the door—Recitation.
Waterfall, The.

37. We may be happy yet.
Which shall it be?—Recitation.
What will you do, love?
When the robins nest again.
You never miss the lager till the keg runs dry.
Yellow meal.
Yellow-haired Nellie—Recitation.
Price 10 Cents.
For sale by all Booksellers and Newsdealers in the United States
and Canada, or will be sent post-paid to any address on receipt of
price. Address
H. J. WEHMAN, Publisher,
P. O. Box 1823. 50 Chatham St., New York.

38. Wehman’s Collection of Songs, No.
6.
CONTAINING 96 SONGS.
A lean banana.
Ah, there my size, I’ll mash you.
Æsthetic dude, The.
Angels meet me on the cross-road.
A smile was all she gave me.
Art of making love, The.
A boy’s best friend is his mother.
Be quiet, or I’ll scream.
Burial of Sir John Moore.
Bye, bye, Baby; bye, bye.
Baby and I.
Baby’s lullaby.
Billy’s dream.
Bitter beer.
Black Hills, The.
Call me back again.
Convict’s dream—Recitation.
Call me your darling again.
Curfew must not ring to-night—Rec.

39. Chinese song.
Darling Clo’.
Dandy dude, The.
Down the river.
Fontenoy.
Father will settle the bill.
Fountain in the Park.
Fond memories of home.
Gaily the troubador.
Good-bye, Biddy dear.
Greenpoint Nell.
Gambler’s wife—Recitation.
Hash.
Hurrah for old Ireland.
Hoolahan musketeers.
Hush-a-bye, baby.
Hoops.
I’ll await my love.
Ivy green.
I’m a man that’s done wrong to my parents.
Juice of the forbidden fruit.
Jeanette and Jeannot.
Just to please the boys.
Jakey Woolfenstein.
Johnny Schmoker.

40. Kind relations.
Lover’s telegraph.
Last farewell.
Lilly Dale.
Lord delivered Daniel.
Love song.
Mary Ann, go get the growler.
Mill’s shut down to-day.
Mr. John Malone.
Mulcahey’s sooner dog—Recitation.
Mahoney’s fenian cat—Recitation.
Maniac—Recitation.
Man that stole the country.
March of the Cameron men.
Moneyless man.
Marble arch.
Mother keeps the gate locked now.
Nineteen hundred and one.
Not for Joseph.
Newhall House fire.
Only a dear little flower.
Oh, Mr. Flannigan.
Old church bell.
Over the mountain.
Old plaid shawl.

41. Old village blacksmith’s shop.
Our Jack’s come home to-day.
Oh! boys, carry me ’long.
People will talk.
Plumber—Recitation.
Poor little soldier’s boy.
Pat of Mullingar.
Perverted proverbs.
Patrolman Mulcahey and Flynn.
Price of a drink—Recitation.
Raven—Recitation.
Sailing.
Somebody’s darling—Recitation.
Springtime and robins have come.
Tommy Dodd.
Taffy was a Welshman.
Ting, ting, that’s how the bell goes.
Timid awkward squad.
To my wife.
What I would do for her—Recitation.
We reap what we sow—Recitation.
What I live for—Recitation.
Whiskey, you’re the divil.
Wreck of the “Atlantic.”
When the leaves begin to fall.

42. Ye merry birds.
Young recruit.
Price 10 Cents.
For sale by all Booksellers and Newsdealers in the United States
and Canada, or will be sent post-paid to any address on receipt of
price. Address
H. J. WEHMAN, Publisher,
P. O. Box 1823. 50 Chatham St., New York.

43. Wehman’s Collection of Songs, No.
7.
CONTAINING 94 SONGS.
Animals’ fair.
A dollar and sixty a day.
A Yankee man of war.
An agricultural Irish girl.
A roller-rink romance—Recitation.
As I read the paper through.
Burke’s dream.
Banks o’ Doon.
Bed-bug—Recitation.
Betty and the baby.
Barney, take me home again.
Boy with the auburn hair.
Beans.
Candidate for alderman.
Cats in our back-yard.
Climbing up the golden stairs.
Colored band.
Call her back and kiss her.
Casey’s awful grub.

44. Coal oil Tommy.
Don’t leave your mother, Tom.
Drummer boy of Waterloo.
Dream faces.
Duffy, the swell.
Don’t you cry so, Norah darling.
Erin-go-bragh.
Fashionable Fred.
Far, far, away.
Fine old Irish gentleman.
Female smuggler.
Free and easy.
Good ship Cumberland.
Good-bye, ’Liza Jane.
Gipsy Davy.
Gal with the Gainsborough hat.
Hush, little baby, don’t you cry.
Here she goes and there she goes.
House carpenter.
Hornet’s nest—Recitation.
I’ll ask my mother and I’ll let you know next Sunday afternoon.
Irish Wife—Recitation.
I’m in jail, my love.
Jockey hat and feather.
Jolly Jack, the rover.

45. Keiser, der yer vant to buy a dog?
Kitty of Coleraine.
Knock at the window to-night, love.
Leave not your Kathleen.
Little brown church.
Lord Bateman and the fair Sophia.
Lay my head beneath a rose.
Little fraud.
Lost Charley Ross.
Meet me darling Kate, by the cottage gate.
My trundle bed.
Masonic song.
McSorley’s twins.
My wife is so awfully thin.
Mother, is the battle over?
Not much.
Nelly Bly.
Old bog hole.
Oh! Nicodemus.
Old familiar faces.
Oft in the stilly night.
Old turnkey.
Old gray mare.
Old Simon, the hot-corn man.
Popsy wopsy.

46. Please don’t sell father any more rum.
Peck’s bad boy—Part I.
Peck’s bad boy—Part II.
Pills.
Railway guard.
Rover’s grave.
Riding on the elevated railroad.
Shanty boy’s song.
She was as handsome as a rose.
Saint Patrick was a gentleman.
Shamrock shore.
See-saw.
Star of Glengary.
That young man across the way.
That sweet-scented handsome young man.
Up at Dudley Grove.
Up in a back room.
Up-stairs, in my bed-room.
Venita.
Watchman.
Willie’s on the dark blue sea.
Wind blew through his whiskers.
Would I were a boy again.
Windy man from Brooklyn.
Written in letters of gold.

47. Price 10 Cents.
For sale by all Booksellers and Newsdealers in the United States
and Canada, or will be sent post-paid to any address on receipt of
price. Address
H. J. WEHMAN, Publisher,
P. O. Box 1823. 50 Chatham St., New York.

48. Wehman’s Collection of Songs, No.
8.
Containing 104 Songs.
A Yankee ship and a Yankee crew.
An Irishman’s dying request—Rec.
Bonaparte on Saint Helena.
Bring back the old folks, Willie darling.
Bonny Irish boy, The.
Bright Alfarata.
Banbury Cross.
Baby on the brain.
Belleville Convent fire, The.
Banks of Newfoundland, The.
Charley, he’s a masher.
Carrie, dear.
Come back to the old home again.
Comet of the West, The.
Conductor with the patent bell punch.
Clam soup pedler’s daughter, The.
Dan and Teddie’s parting.
Dear little Colleen.
Donevans, The.

49. Daschen on the Rhine—Recitation.
Down by the rustic gate.
Ehren on the Rhine.
Eggs for your breakfast in the morning.
Electric light, The.
Eddie McCarty.
Fenians’ escape, The.
Fifth Avenue.
Falling leaves.
Flew-y, Flew-y.
Gallant Sixty-ninth, The.
George Constantine McKeown.
Give me back my heart again.
Green fields of America, The.
Her lovers—Recitation.
How we tried to whip the teacher—Rec.
Hebrew wedding, The.
I dreamed that old Ireland was free.
In the shadow of the leaves.
I’ll go back to the old bridge again.
If I was the President.
I will stand by my friend.
I’ll name the boy Dennis or no name at all.
Isle of France, The.
In the Louisiana Lowlands.

50. Jordan is a hard road to travel.
Johnny, fill up the bowl—No. 1.
Johnny, fill up the bowl—No. 2.
Johnny Doyle.
Jeremiah, blow the fire.
Jack is every inch a sailor.
Let me dream again.
Lady, art thou sleeping?
Let us speak of a man as we find him.
Lily of the West, The.
Married life.
Musical wife, The.
My rattling mare and I.
McCarthy’s boarding house.
Mother’s last letter to me.
My bonny laboring boy.
Maryland, my Maryland.
Mary Blane.
’Neath the maple by the mill.
Napolitaine.
Nobody’s mule—Recitation.
Other side of Jordan, The.
Oh! I shall call dada.
Orphan boy, The—Recitation.
Orphan girl, The.

51. Old Mousquetaire, The.
Once again.
Oh, Fred! the boat is turning over.
Our sailors on the sea.
Poor old Jesse’s blind.
Poor married man, The.
Pretty little Mary.
Paddy’s curiosity shop.
Paddy on the canal.
Sally Mackenally.
Shamrock, rose and thistle, The.
Song from “Nanon.”
Something to tickle the girls.
Sparking Sarah Jane.
Silver bells of memory.
Sweet Alpine roses.
Shoot the hat.
Sweet dreams of mother and home.
Swinging on the golden gate.
There’s a light in the window.
Tommy, make room for your uncle.
Ten little injuns.
Three grains of corn.
Ten minutes too late.
Umbrella courtship.

52. When we meet by the old bridge again.
When the circus comes to town.
What is life?—Recitation.
Wax-work show, The.
Woman is what man doth make her—Rec.
When we went roller skating.
You’ll miss your mother when she’s gone.
Yes, we all will be there.
Yaller gal that winked at me, The.
Yarn of the “Nancy Bell,” The.
Price 10 Cents.
For sale by all Booksellers and Newsdealers in the United States
and Canada, or will be sent post-paid to any address on receipt of
price. Address
H. J. WEHMAN, Publisher,
P. O. Box 1823. 50 Chatham St., New York.

53. JUST THE BOOK YOU NEED.
The Complete Letter Writer
FOR LADIES AND GENTLEMEN.
This is the first time that a book has been published that plainly
teaches how to write a letter. It shows clearly all the blunders
and mistakes apt to be made by an inexperienced writer, and makes
manifest in the simplest way the proper method of avoiding and
rectifying such blunders and mistakes, whether they occur in the
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This book explains all the details of correspondence, whether
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54. FARMERS AND TRADERS.
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United States or Canada. Address
HENRY J. WEHMAN, Publisher,
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