Ecg

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An electrocardiogram (ECG) is a test which measures the electrical activity of your heart to show whether or not it is working normally. An ECG records the heart's rhythm and activity on a moving strip of paper or a line on a screen.

There is no difference between an ECG and an EKG. Both refer to the same procedure, however one is in English (electrocardiogram – ECG) and the other is based on the German spelling (elektrokardiogramm – EKG). ... The most common EKG is called the 12-lead EKG.

1. ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHY 1 SUHANYA RAJ V

2. ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHY Electrocardiography is the process of producing an electrocardiogram, a recording – a graph of voltage versus time – of the electrical activity of the heart using electrodes placed on the skin.  2 SUHANYA RAJ V

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8. Normal ECG 8 SUHANYA RAJ V

9. Normal ECG A normal ECG is illustrated above. Note that the heart is beating in a regular sinus rhythm between 60 - 100 beats per minute (specifically 82 bpm ). All the important intervals on this recording are within normal ranges. 9 SUHANYA RAJ V

10. Normal ECG 1.  P wave: upright in leads I, aVF and V3 - V6 normal duration of less than or equal to 0.11 seconds polarity is positive in leads I, II, aVF and V4 - V6; diphasic in leads V1 and V3; negative in aVR shape is generally smooth, not notched or peaked 10 SUHANYA RAJ V

11. Normal ECG 2. PR interval:  Normally between 0.12 and 0.20 seconds. 11 SUHANYA RAJ V

12. Normal ECG 3. QRS complex: Duration less than or equal to 0.12 seconds, amplitude greater than 0.5 mV in at least one standard lead, and greater than 1.0 mV in at least one precordial lead. Upper limit of normal amplitude is 2.5 - 3.0 mV. small septal Q waves in I, aVL , V5 and V6 (duration less than or equal to 0.04 seconds; amplitude less than 1/3 of the amplitude of the R wave in the same lead). represented by a positive deflection with a large, upright R in leads I, II, V4 - V6 and a negative deflection with a large, deep S in aVR , V1 and V2 in general, proceeding from V1 to V6, the R waves get taller while the S waves get smaller. At V3 or V4, these waves are usually equal. This is called the transitional zone. 12 SUHANYA RAJ V

13. Normal ECG 4. ST segment: isoelectric , slanting upwards to the T wave in the normal ECG can be slightly elevated (up to 2.0 mm in some precordial leads) never normally depressed greater than 0.5 mm in any lead 13 SUHANYA RAJ V

14. Normal ECG 5. T wave: T wave deflection should be in the same direction as the QRS complex in at least 5 of the 6 limb leads normally rounded and asymmetrical, with a more gradual ascent than descent should be upright in leads V2 - V6, inverted in aVR amplitude of at least 0.2 mV in leads V3 and V4 and at least 0.1 mV in leads V5 and V6 isolated T wave inversion in an asymptomatic adult is generally a normal variant 14 SUHANYA RAJ V

15. Normal ECG 6. QT interval:  Durations normally less than or equal to 0.40 seconds for males and 0.44 seconds for females. 15 SUHANYA RAJ V

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17. Step-by-Step ECG Interpretation Rate Rhythm Cardiac axis P- wave PR-interval QRS complex ST segment QT interval (include T and U wave) Other ECG signs 17 SUHANYA RAJ V

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24. Cardiac Axis 24 SUHANYA RAJ V

25. Cardiac Axis 25 SUHANYA RAJ V

26. ANATOMIC GROUPS I LATERAL aVR NONE V1 SEPTAL V4 ANTERIOR II INFERIOR aVL LATERAL V2 SEPTAL V5 LATERAL III INFERIOR aVF INFERIOR V3 ANTERIOR V6 LATERAL 26 SUHANYA RAJ V

27. Step-by-Step ECG Interpretation Rate Rhythm Cardiac axis P- wave PR-interval QRS complex ST segment QT interval(include T and U wave) Other ECG signs 27 SUHANYA RAJ V

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47. THANK YOU 47 SUHANYA RAJ V