ECOLOGY PPT ON DEGRADATION OF ECOSYSTEM .pptx

cause and effects of ecosystem degradation

1. Degradation of ECOSYSTEM Submitted To : Dr. Mamta Pathania Submitted By : Rajeev Sharma Roll No .: MSCBO2330 Class : M.Sc. BOTANY 2 ND sem.

2. Content : What is an ecosystem and Its role. Ecosystem degradation Cause of degradation Effect of ecosystem degradation Conclusion

3. ECOSYSTEM - An ecosystem is a geographic area where plants, animals, and other organisms, along with weather and landscapes, interact to form a bubble of life. Within ecosystems, we find both biotic (living) and abiotic (nonliving) components. Biotic Factors: These include plants, animals , and other organisms that interact within the ecosystem. Abiotic Factors: These include nonliving elements such as  soil , air, water , temperature, and humidity.

4. ROLE OF ECOSYSTEM : The ecosystem plays a crucial role in maintaining the delicate balance of life on our planet. SOME KEY REASONS WHY ECOSYSTEM IS IMPORTANT: Provide Habitat for plants and animals Regulation of food chain and food web Regulation of vital ecological processes (nutrient cycle, water purification, carbon sequestration, etc) Maintain the flow of energy Nutrient recycling Human welfare ( provide resource like timber, food, medicine, water, etc.) Also control pest, maintain soil fertility and supports agriculture.

5. ECOSYSTEM DEGRADATION : It is an environmental problem that diminishes the capacity of plant or animal species to survive. Ecosystem degradation refers to negative changes in the composition, structure and function of an ecosystem caused due to natural calamities and human activities. Environmental degradation means reduction in the quality of the environment due to man made and natural factors. The resources get depleted and the quality of air, water, and soil diminishes. The natural habitat, the forest, the water sources gets destroyed and polluted. It is caused directly or indirectly by anthropogenic (human) activities. So therefore environmental degradation is wide term that is influenced by various factors like deforestation, desertification, global warming, animal extinction, formation of acid rain, pollution and drastic change in climate. Some of the natural causes are earthquakes, wildfires, volcanic eruption, hurricanes, landslide, tornado, tsunami and cyclones.

6. causes : DEFOREATATION MININNG AND EXTREACTION HABITAT CHANGE OVER EXPLOITATION POLLUTION CLIMATE CHANGE

7. CAUSES OF ECOSYSTEM DEGRADATION: INTENSIVE AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES: Due to the steep rise in the demand of agriculture products, intensive agricultural practices are followed to meet the demand. Massive deforestation is taking place and they are converted into agricultural lands. This has lead to the decline in the natural environment like forest and wildlife. Since the most modern techniques of farming are used to fulfil thee growing demand, widespread use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides are used. So a lot of toxins get accumulated in the soil owing to its degradation. This is the one of the major reason for the degradation of ecosystem.

8. LANDFILLS: Landfills are one of the major cause for environmental degradation. Various kind of toxic chemicals are expelled from landfills which can prove to be hazardous t the environment as a whole. Land, air and water gets polluted in this process. The natural cycles and food chains get affected due to landfills. The foul smell that comes out of the landfills is terrible that can cause various diseases in plants, animals and humans. Landfills are the breeding ground of diseases. This causes widespread ecosystem degradation.

9. OVERPOPULATION: This is one of the striking reasons for ecosystem degradation. Overpopulation means, over use of land and resources. Large scale deforestation is taking place as more land is needed for buildings houses and industries. Overpopulation leads to the destruction of the natural habitat of the animal and plant species which forcefully lead to their migrations and increase the chance of competition which can led to their complete extinction. Demands and needs of the overpopulated Community is also high which leads to exploitation of natural resources thus disturbing the ecosystem.

10. DEFORESTATION: The cutting down of tress has a great impact on environment and the natural habitat. Drastic environmental changes like climate changes, global warming, soil erosion, depletion of ozone layer, water table depletion,, species extinction and loss of biodiversity all are the attributes of the deforestation.

11. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION: The ecosystem is getting destroyed by the environmental pollutions drastically. More than 70% pollution is mane made and irreversible. The toxins emitted from landfills, vehicles, industries and so on gets absorbed into the atmosphere and the Ph level gets disrupted. This in turn causes acid rain which harms the biodiversity. This kills the natural fertility of soil and different species of plants. The natural cycles gets disturbed, land , air, and water gets polluted owing to large scale environmental degradation.

12. NATURAL CAUSES: Most of the above mentioned are manmade causes for environment degradation. But there are certain natural causes that contributes to environmental degradation. Wildfires, landslides, tsunami, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, hurricanes and so on are some of the natural factors that attributes to degradation of ecosystem. All these cannot be predicted in advance as they naturally occur during the course of time.

13. UNPLANNED DEVELOPMENT: Improper land planning, urbanization and development has worsened the situation. Industrial sites, shopping malls, office spaces, parking ground, road and rail networks, construction sites, mining projects, thermal plants, nuclear plants and all are the major factors that helps in worsening environmental pollution. In most of the cases, land has not been used properly and a lot of natural habitat has been destroyed.

14. EFFECT OF ECOSYSTEM DEGRADATION : BIODIVERSITY LOST HUMAN HEALTH ATMOSPHERIC CHANGES Increase flooding due to soil erosion and lack of trees Rising sea levels caused by melting glaciers due to climate change Disruption of the food chain when apex predators become extinct

15. BIODIVERSITY LOSS: Due to continuous degradation of the ecosystem, the natural habitat , the forests, and the ecosystem get disrupted. Most of the species are under the threat of extinction. The reproductive capacity, the ability to withstand the changes in temperature and all are disturbed. All these are mainly due to human activities which has caused exploitation of natural resources, acidifying water resources, soil erosion due to large scale deforestation and making the air impure even to breathe. All these combined has hampered the natural biodiversity.

16. ATMOSPHERIC CHANGES: Environment degradation often leads to changes in atmosphere. The water cycle and the natural habitat of plants and animals also changes drastically. Air, water and land pollution adds up to promote these atmospheric changes. The climate and the weather changes owing to increased pollution. This in turn increases global warming tat can prove harmful to the generations to come. The rate of depletion of ozone layer multiplies rapidly owing to environment degradation.

17. HUMAN HEALTH: This environment degradation has a negative impact on health of humans. Since there is a considerable reduction in the quality of air, water and land, the average life span of humans decreases. Lack of peoples die due to illness caused by pollution. As the quality of air diminishes, lots of people die due to chronic diseases like lung cancer and heart attack. Landfills on the other hand promote environmental degradation. Hazardous waste from these landfills can easily enter the food chain that can further cause biomagnifications. Apart from all these dumping of toxic waste by the industries adds to the pollution which dangerously affects the health of the humans.

18. conclusion Ecosystem degradation is a global issue and can be devastating. The environment that we live inn can be disturbed completely owing to severe changes. This can be prove to be a threat to the upcoming generations. so the national and international government should work together for a noble cause to save the environment. Awareness programs should be conducted among all levels in the society so that people will be aware of what environment degradation is and its negative impact. Awareness should be nurtured at school level so that the children are aware about their surroundings. Proper and strict measures should be adopted by the government globally to check and control pollution. The companies and the industries should be ecofriendly. The waste secreted by these companies should be properly recycled.

19. THANK YOU Waste dumping in landfills should be banned, every house should sort their waste accordingly and .hand over to respective recycling industries. Environmental friendly and biodegradable products should be promoted. The use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides should be minimized so as to reduce soil pollution. All these put together can reduce ecosystem degradation to a great extent.