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its about ecommerce

1. eCommerce

2. WHAT IS E-COMMERCE ? Electronic Commerce  commonly known as e-Commerce which denotes different types of transactions involved in commercial activities. It contains both organizational as well as individual activities which include the processing and transmission of digitized data such as text, pictures, sound and video, etc. E-commerce has developed a new environment with the help of Internet in business transactions and processing. Here information is provided direct to the consumers about the products they want to buy and the platform is set for product advertisements. It also permits negotiations, order for raw materials, settlement of financial transactions etc. Electronic commerce is a combination of communication services, data management and security mechanisms which provides a platform to organizations where they can share information about the selling of goods and services : Communication Services :  Electronic transfer of information from buyer to seller is supported by communication services. 2) Data Management :  It is exchange and storing of data in a constant, format which enable easy exchange of information. 3) Security Mechanisms :  Security mechanisms provides following functions : Authenticates the source of information Guarantees the integrity and privacy of information.

3. Evolution of E-commerce Even before the internet existed, some forward-thinking businesspeople were pondering the prospect of e-commerce. The e-commerce sector was created as a result of technology development over the past 50 years. For e-commerce to expand, three developments are crucial: Personalization: AI and machine learning enabled the collection of enormous volumes of data, their interpretation, and the creation of tailored shopping experiences. Loops of feedback and dynamic adaption to constantly shifting consumer behavior improve the entire customer experience. Omnichannel: As the internet expanded, social networks did as well, and mobile devices gave them a boost. Our regular activities now include using social media. A Google study found that roughly 85% of customers start their shopping trip on one gadget and finish it on another. The trend required flawless synchronization of offline and online sales platforms. Safe payment: Electronic fund transfers that are quick and easy thanks to digital wallets have made payments simple. Although Google Wallet, Apple Pay, and many more mobile wallets are now on user smartphones, Paypal is the industry pioneer. Blockchain technology is accelerating the speed and safety of these transactions.

4. Timeline of E-commerce 1. Launch of CompuServe in 1969 The history of eCommerce in the USA and the rest of the world began in Columbus, Ohio with the establishment of CompuServe, the first eCommerce business, amid the historic events of 1969. Because there is no internet, the company sends data over phone lines to businesses to provide computer-sharing services (known as Electronic Data Interchange, or EDI). 2. Computers Made the First Online Sale Possible 1972: Contrary to popular belief, marijuana was not the first item to be sold online. Although marijuana is sold using an Arpanet account, students from MIT and Stanford really exchange real money and items. The transaction is not genuinely "sold over the internet," even though a computer makes it feasible. 3. Introduction of online transaction processing in 1976 Atalla Technovation and Bunker Ramo Company launch technologies for financial institutions that are intended to execute secure online transactions as our country marks its bicentennial.

5. 4. Electronic shopping was created in 1979. British inventor Michael Aldrich shows how electronic shopping could function ten years after the launch of CompuServe by using a telephone connection to connect a customized television to a transaction-processing computer. 5. Electronic commerce in 1983 Acknowledged "Electronic commerce" is the topic of the first hearing before the California State Assembly. CPUC, MCI Mail, Prodigy, CompuServe, Volcano Telephone, and Pacific Telesis all gave testimony. The Electronic Commerce Act of California, which was passed a year later, imposed guidelines on programs created "to conduct the acquisition of goods and services via a telecommunications network.“ 6. CompuServe inaugurated the Electronic Mall in 1984. In one of the earliest instances of online retail, CompuServe launched the Electronic Mall in 1984, enabling customers to buy goods from about 100 different vendors. Check out this old news footage highlighting this innovative shopping method.

6. 7. World Wide Web Starts in 1990 Launch of the first web browser will act as a stimulant for online shopping since users of the internet will find what they're seeking for more quickly and retailers will be able to reach a larger audience. 8. The first secure online transaction occurred in 1994. Netscape 1.0 debuts ten whole years after the Electronic Mall's debut. It uses the Secure Socket Layer (SSL) protocol, which uses encryption to keep both the sending and receiving sides of online transactions secure. Soon later, as the internet develops into a genuine commercial medium, several third-party credit card processing businesses start operating 9. 1995: The Internet Market, Amazon, and eBay Boom Internet markets start to emerge. This includes Pierre Omidyar's AuctionWeb , the first online auction site that would later be known as eBay, and Jeff Bezos' Amazon, which was first intended to sell books. 10.Launch of PayPal in 1998 Confinity, the original name of PayPal, makes its debut as a mechanism for money transfers. It would merge with Elon Musk's online banking business in 2000, signaling its ascent to fame.

7. 11.1999: $150 billion is spent globally online. With entrepreneurs being drawn in by the internet's get-rich-quick promise, startups are on the rise. The good days won't last forever, of course. 12.2000: Internet Advertising and the Dotcom Bust The NASDAQ plunged 75% between March 2000 and October 2002 when the bubble burst, wiping out the majority of the profits achieved since the advent of the internet. Numerous companies in the online and technology sectors file for bankruptcy, including Webvan , a pioneer in food delivery. Google AdWords is launched as a means for eCommerce enterprises to advertise using short-text ad content and display URLs in spite of the bust. Online retailers' pay-per-click (PPC) marketing initiatives are gaining traction. 13.2005: Online shopping returns The Monday after Black Friday, known as Cyber Monday, is introduced to help online holiday sales recover significantly from the recession. Moreover, Amazon introduces Amazon Prime, which offers members free 2-day shipping within the US and raises consumer expectations for quicker service. In the United States, there are currently about 142 million Prime members.

8. 14.2006 saw an increase in online shopping platforms Tobias Lütke , Daniel Weinand , and Scott Lake started the company that is now known as Shopify to make it simple for business owners to launch online stores. Other additional eCommerce platforms enter the market and quickly establish themselves, including Magento and BigCommerce. 15. Online grocery shopping 2012: Food shopping ultimately finds its footing in 2012 with the launch of Instacart, despite the failure or struggle of the aforementioned Webvan and other grocery delivery services in the past. Customers who order goods online with Instacart are sent shoppers to nearby supermarkets to pick them up. Online food buying is big business nowadays thanks to improvements in cold storing and delivery. 16. The Inexorable Growth of Ecommerce 2017: The amount of money generated by worldwide e-commerce transactions, which include $25.516 trillion in B2B transactions and $3.851 trillion in B2C purchases, is rising as physical store sales fall.

9. E-commerce and E-business E-commerce refers to performing online commercial transactions and activities over the internet. It includes activities like making monetary transactions, selling and buying products, etc., over the internet. Applications (Apps) and websites are required for e-commerce. Some of the e-commerce activities include the following: Paying different taxes Ticketing over the internet Products sold or purchased online Online payments Online customer support Online accounting software Examples of e-commerce are online retailers like Flipkart, Amazon, Paytm mall, and Myntra, sellers of digital goods like online services, ebooks , etc.

10. E-Business E-business refers to performing all types of business activities through the internet. It includes activities like customer education, procurement of goods/raw materials, supply activities, selling and buying products, making monetary transactions, etc., over the internet. Websites, Apps, Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP), Customer Relationship Management (CRM), etc., are required for e-business. The e-business activities include the following: Supply chain management Setting up online stores Customer education Email marketing Monetary business transactions Online commercial transactions (selling and buying products) Examples of e-business are e-commerce companies and their different internal business activities, classified site, auction site, software and hardware developer site, etc. 

11. E-commerce v/s E-business Particulars E-commerce E-business Meaning It refers to performing online commercial transactions and activities over the internet. It refers to performing every type of business activity through the internet. Scope It is a narrow concept and is a subset of e-business. It is a broad concept and is a superset of e-commerce. Transactions Commercial transactions are carried out in e-commerce. Business transactions are carried out in e-business. Limitation E-commerce transactions are limited. E-business transactions are not limited. Activities It includes selling and buying products, making monetary transactions, etc., over the internet. It includes customer education, procurement of raw materials, supply activities, making monetary transactions, etc., over the internet. Operation It mainly requires the use of only a website. It requires using multiple websites, ERPs and CRMs, that connect different business processes. Resources It involves mandatory use of the internet. It consists of the use of the internet, extranet or intranet. Business models E-commerce is appropriate in a Business to Customer (B2C) context. E-business is appropriate in a Business to Business (B2B) context. Coverage E-commerce covers external/outward business processes. E-business covers internal and external business processes/activities.

12. Unique features of e-commerce 1) Ubiquity :  E-commerce is widespread, that is, it is available everywhere always. It sets free market from being restricted to a physical space and makes it possible to shop from computer (such as desktop, laptop). The result is called a market space. For consumers, ubiquity cuts transaction costs for exploring products in a market. Consumers can acquire any information whenever and wherever they want, regardless of their location. It is no longer necessary that buyer spend time and money for traveling to a market. In all, it saves the cognitive energy needed to transect in a market space. 2) Global Reach :  E-commerce technologies enable a business to easily reach across geographic boundaries around the earth far more conveniently and effectively as compared to traditional commerce. Globally, companies are acquiring greater profits and business results by expanding their business with e-commerce solutions. As a result, the potential market size for e-commerce merchants is approximately equal to size of online population.

13. 3) Universal Standards :  Universal Standards are standards shared by all the nations around world. These are technical standards of Internet for conducting e-commerce. It gives all the ability to connect at the same "level" and it provides network externalities that will benefit everyone. Universal technical standards lower entry costs and minimal search costs. 4) Interactivity :  E-commerce technologies permits two-way communication between customer and sellers which makes it interactive. It proves as significant feature of e-commerce technology over the commercial traditional technologies of the 20th century. 5) Information Density :  Information density means total amount and quality of information available over Internet to all market buyers and sellers. Internet vastly increases information density. Information density offers better quality information to consumer and merchants. E-commerce technologies increase accuracy and timeliness of information. For example, flipkart.com store has variety of products with prices.

14. 6) Richness :  Richness refers to the complexity and content of a message. Richness means all commercial activity and experience, conducted through a variety of messages. For example, text, pictures, videos, sound, links, SMS (Short Message Services) etc. 7) Personalization :  E-commerce technology offers personalization. Personalization means designing marketing messages according to particular individuals by customizing it as per customer personal details like name, interests, and past purchases record. Products or services can be modified or altered according to the user's choice or past buying record.

15. Advantages of E-Commerce to Customers : 1) Reduced Prices :  The products available on websites have reduced prices because the different stages of value chain are decreased between source and destination. The intermediaries such as retail store are eliminated by the company and they sell their products to consumer directly instead of distributing through intermediaries. 2) Global Marketplace :  E-commerce provides global marketplace from where consumers can purchase products according to their needs situated anywhere in the world. According to World Trade Organization (WTO),  "there are no custom duties put on products bought and traded globally electronically". Global Marketplace also provides large collection of products and services to consumers With their prices. 3) Anytime Access :  Online businesses are open 24 hours, 7 day a week and 365 days in a year and never sleep. Consumers can do transactions and enquiry about any product/services provided by company at anytime and anywhere from globe. Consumer can purchase any product in day or night using Internet connections and computer at single click of mouse. 4) More Choices :  Online businesses provide their consumers more choices of purchasing. Before purchasing any product, consumer can study products and their features of all major brands. 5) Quicker Delivery :  E-Commerce offers consumer more options and provides quicker delivery of products and services. Some e-commerce company provides free home delivery service to their consumers. 6) Relevant Information : E-commerce provides relevant and detailed information about products and services within seconds to its consumers. Consumer can compare products and their prices in easy manner.

16. Advantages of E-Commerce to Businesses : 1) Low Barriers to Entries :  In today's world, small and large firms have opportunities to start up and conduct business on the Internet. Firms entry cost to the Internet is minuscule (Very small) because they do not need the space for rent. All the business over Internet are virtual means that there is no need of large number of employees to conduct business. 2) Increased Potential Market Share: Businesses are increasing their market share by making their business internet enabled. Online businesses are accessed at any time to international markets. 3) Low-Cost Advertising:  Internet provides low cost advertisement as compared to advertisement on newspapers or television. In today's world, Internet has become inexpensive advertising medium used by firms for commerce. The different methods of advertising are : e-mail, banners, pop-ups, steaming video and audio etc. 4) Strategic Benefit :  E-commerce enabled business have many strategic benefits because they : 5) Global Reach :  E-commerce enabled business has ability to reach globally at low cost. They are able send messages world-wide at any time. Since online businesses are globally accessed so e-commerce helps to attract new consumers and business clients from anywhere in the world.

17. Disadvantages of E-Commerce The disadvantages/limitations of e-commerce can be divided into two categories : Technical Disadvantages of E-Commerce Non-Technical Disadvantages of E-Commerce Technical Disadvantages of E-Commerce : 1) Lack of Security :  Consumer needs to be confident and trust over e-commerce payment providers. Any fraud, hacking or forgery can break the trust of consumer. 2) Low Bandwidth :  In many countries, network might cause an issue because of low bandwidth. 3) Difficulty in Integrating E-Commerce :  It is difficult to integrate e-commerce software or website with the some existing applications and databases. Vendors need special web servers to, deal with integration problem in addition to network servers. 4) Not All Customers have Access to Internet :  Internet access is not universally available so much of the effort made does not actually reach the consumer. Many potential customers that are living in remote villages have not Internet access facility.

18. Non-Technical Disadvantages of E-Commerce : 1) Initial Cost :  The initial cost to develop e-commerce web site in-house is very high. This may need high cost of hiring qualified staff to maintain and updating e-commerce web site. There are also companies have opportunities for outsourcing e-commerce to other e-commerce companies. But where and how to do outsourcing is a difficult task. 2) Security and Privacy :  The major issues in online businesses are security and privacy. Customers feel hesitant to disclose credit card numbers over Internet because of security problems such as theft of credit card number. If consumers do not have any confidence on the online business, they will refuse to purchase anything over the Internet. 3) Lack of Trust and User Resistance :  Face-to-face contact and paper transactions are important in business deals and transactions since it is related to trust. So for any consumer switching from physical to online stores is difficult.

19. 4) Lack of Touch and Feel :  Consumers may want to touch and feel a product before purchasing online. Online businesses do, not provide the touch and feel experience to consumer on items such as clothes, shoes etc. 5) Customers Relation Problems : Organization needs loyal customers to run their online business for long time. Online businesses cannot continue without loyal customers in today's competition. 6) Corporate Vulnerability : Online businesses have high availability of information related to product, price, catalogs, and others. This information makes web sites vulnerable to access by competition. This process of extracting business intelligence from competitor's web pages is called Web farming. 7) Legal Issues :  When buyers and sellers do not know each other, there is, chance of fraud over the Internet. Hence there are many legal problems related to e-commerce.

20. Types of e-commerce

21. Business-to-Business (B2B) B2B stands for business-to-business. It consists of largest form of E-Commerce. This model defines that buyer and seller are two different entities. It is similar to manufacturer issuing goods to the retailer or wholesaler. e.g. Amazon Business, Indiamart , Jiomart , Alibaba.

22. Business-to-Consumer (B2C) It is the model taking businesses and consumers interaction. The basic concept of this model is to sell the product online to the consumers. B2C is the direct trade between the company and consumers. It provides direct selling through online portals. e.g. Flipkart, Amazon, Ola, Swiggy, BookMyShow

23. Business-to-Government (B2G) Business-to-government (B2G) is a business model that refers to businesses selling products, services or information to governments or government agencies. B2G networks or models provide a way for businesses to bid on government projects or products that governments might purchase or need for their organizations. e.g. Serum Institute of India, Reliance Industries, Border Roads Organisation

24. Customer-to-Customer (C2C) Customer to customer (C2C) is a business model, whereby customers can trade with each other, typically, in an online environment. C2C businesses are a new type of model that has emerged with e-commerce technology and the sharing economy. e.g. Quikr , eBay, Olx

25. M-Commerce M-commerce is defined as ‘the ability to purchase goods anywhere through a wireless Internet-enabled device. Primary mobile communication exists through web-enabled wireless phones.  It can also be defined as: “Providing E-commerce in a mobile context.” “Using mobile technology to sell or buy items, access business information, conduct a transaction, perform supply chain or demand chain functions. Mobile Commerce refers to wireless electronic commerce used for conducting commerce or business through a handy device like cellular phone or Personal Digital Assistant (PDA). Mobile commerce is usually called as ‘M-commerce’ in which user can do any sort of transaction including buying and selling of goods, asking any services, transferring ownership or rights, transacting and transferring money by accessing wireless internet service on the mobile handset itself. The next generation of commerce would most probably be mobile commerce or M-commerce.

26. Social Commerce A special form of e-commerce is "social commerce" (s-commerce) is a new answer to the question of how products are found, seen, and selected by the consumer and how they subsequently reach the end user. The key differentiator is thus the underlying sales channel. The concentration of distribution and sales on social media channels represents an impressive commercial evolution. Social commerce is thus neither a new form of advertising nor a single step within the customer journey. With s-commerce, the user experience more closely mimics the physical shopping world compared to previous e-commerce. The interactions between people, personal recommendations, and direct feedback simulate the shopping experience of the real world and stimulate the sales process

27. Social Commerce Three layer definition of Social Commerce: Social commerce in a narrower sense ( i.n.S .) Social commerce is a full funnel communication, marketing, and sales strategy for products and services fueled by personalization, inspiration, and direct interaction, using social media platforms. Social commerce in a broader sense ( i.b.S. ) Social commerce is a full funnel communication, marketing, and sales strategy for products and services fueled by personalization, inspiration, and direct interaction, using social media platforms, as well as the creation or usage of an e-community and the implementation of technical infrastructure. Social commerce in a comprehensive sense ( i.c.S. ) Social commerce is a full funnel communication, marketing, and sales strategy for products and services fueled by personalization, inspiration, and direct interaction, using social media platforms as well as the creation or usage of an e-community, and the implementation of technical infrastructure, enabling, and empowering integrated digital commerce and omni-channel approaches.