Economy NCERT 9th Class: Ch 3 poverty as a callenge

Economy NCERT 9th Class

1. Poverty as a Challenge Ch-3 rd , 9 th class economics Presented by Dr. Ankesh Bisla

2. - What is poverty? - “Poverty line” - Political scientist on poverty line - Poverty Estimate - Global Poverty Scenario - Interstate Disparities - Causes of Poverty - Anti-Poverty Measures - challenge Ahead

3. What is poverty ? Poverty  is not having enough material possessions or income for a person’s basic necessities. Food Requirement in India in rural area = 2400 calorie / day Food Requirement in India in urban area = 2100 calorie/ day Price X minimum physical quantity required = In 2000 survey Total money required in rural Area Rs 328/month & Rs 454/month in urban areas.

4. In Developing & poor Countries “ROTI , KAPDA AUR MAKKAN” are considered as basic necessities & car considered as a luxury While in Others Like USA people without car are considered as poor Poverty definition vary from time to time & place to place as we illustrated in above point depending upon economic development & social norm of place. What are those basic necessities

5. What Is “Poverty Line” ? Poverty line  is the  level  of income to meet the minimum living conditions.It is defined as the money value of the goods and services needed to provide basic welfare to an individual. -Poverty or “Poverty Line” definition vary from time to time & place to place -Depends on economic development & social norm of that place or country. -An imaginary Line line at which people are able to complete just there basic neccessities

6. Poverty Estimate NSSO – National sample survey organization The Estimation of percentage poverty line age of population

7. Poverty describe by political scientist Usually, the indicators are used to relate to the levels of income and consumption. Social scientists look at poverty through a variety of indicators. But, now poverty is looked through other social indicators like illiteracy level, lack of general resistance due to malnutrition, lack of access to healthcare, lack of job opportunities, lack of access to safe drinking water, sanitation etc. Social Exclusion -Both cause & consequence of poverty -Poor excluded from Equal opportunities. Vulnerability -Probability of certain communities(SC, ST) or individuals(widow , handicap person) becoming or remaining poor in coming years

8. What kind of People Comes Under Poverty ? - Lack of shelter. - Limited access to clean water resources. - Food insecurity. - Physical disabilities. - Lack of access to health care. - Unemployment. - Absence of social services. - Gender discrimination.

9. INTERSTATE DISPARITIES 1. In Punjab & Haryana – poverty decline due to high agricultural growth 2. In Kerala – as the state invest in developing human resource 3. In West Bengal – Land Reforms 4. In Andhra Pradesh & Tamil nadu – Public distribution of food grains

10. Global Poverty Scenario According to World Bank : People living on less than 1 $/Day are living in extreme economic poverty. In china & south east asia – reduction in poverty due to massive economic growth & huge investment in huma resource. In south asia countries (Afghanistan ,India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Bhutan and Maldives as the constituent) – declined but not as rapid as china In Sub-Saharan Africa- POVERTY INCREASED FROM 1981 (41%) TO 2001 (46%) In Latin America- poverty remain same In Russia- Non-existent to BECOME PROMINENT

11. - British Colonial Administration - Low Growth Rate persisted until 1980 - High growth rate of Population - Income inequalities - Improper implementation of major policies like land reforms - Socio-cultural Factors - Shortage of capital and able entrepreneurship Unemployment Size of family

12. ANTI-POVERTY MEASURES - Promotion of Economic Growth - Targeted Anti-Poverty Programme 1. NREGA 2005 (National rural employment guarantee act) : 100 day guarantee job in a year 1/3 rd job reserved for women If job not given – then get Daily Unemployment Allowance 2. NFWP 2004 (Nation food for work prograame ): For rural poor for wage employment of manual unskilled work. 100 % centrally sponsored scheme. 3. PMRY 1993 (Prime Minister Rojgar Yojana)- self employment for educated unemployed youth. 4. REGP 1994 (rural employment generation programme )-creating self-employment opportunities 5. SGSY 1999 ( swarnajayanti gram swarozgar yojana )- )- making poors self-help group by organizing bank credit & govt. subsidy 6.PMGY 2000 (Pradhan mantri gramodaya yojana)- providing state basic services such as primary health , primary education, rural shelter , drinking water & electrification 7.AAY ( antodaya anna yojana)

13. Challenge Ahead Providing health care Education Job security Gender equality Security for all Dignity for Poor