EContent_11_2024_09_13_19_47_18_Introductiontoprokaryotesandeukaryotespptx__2024_07_31_10_12_04.pptx

It is regarding eukaryote and prokaryotes

1. M r . Gokul H . Bhimajiyani Assistant Professor Faculty of Pharmacy, Marwadi University, Rajkot, Gujarat, 360003, India. Pharmaceutical Microbiology (13PH0504) Unit-1 Topic: Introduction to P rokaryotes and Eukaryotes B.Pharm sem 5

2. Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes are chemically similar, in the sense that they both contain N ucleic acids, P roteins , L ipids , and C arbohydrates. They use the same kinds of chemical reactions to metabolize food, build proteins, and store energy. It is primarily the structure of cell walls and membranes , and the absence of organelles (specialized cellular structures that have specific functions), that distinguish prokaryotes from Eukaryotes . Introduction to Prokaryotic cells vs Eukaryotic cells

3. The term comes from the Greek language meaning Pro – Before Karyote – nucleus Unicellular (one cell ) Lacks organelles or other internal membrane - bound structures Does not have a nucleus generally has a single chromosome DNA located in an area of the cell called the nucleoid M ost prokaryotes have a cell wall outside the plasma membrane Introduction to Pro karyot es

4. Prokaryotic cells are comparatively smaller and much simpler than eukaryotic cells Prokaryotes include Bacteria and Archea . They usually divide by B inary fission ( the DNA is copied, and the cell splits into two cells). Binary fission involves fewer structures and processes than eukaryotic cell division. Introduction to Pro karyot es

5. The term comes from the Greek language meaning Eu – True Karyote – nucleus Larger than prokaryotic cells Membrane-bound organelles , and rod - shaped chromosomes . The nucleus contains the cell’s DNA and directs the synthesis of proteins and ribosomes. Contains mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, golgi apparatus, vesicles and vacuoles A nimal cells have a centrosome and lysosomes P lant cells have a cell wall , a large central vacuole , chloroplasts , and other specialized plastids Introduction to Eukaryot es

6. Prokaryotes Eukaryotes Type of Cell Always unicellular Unicellular and multi-cellular Cell size Ranges in size from 0.2 μm – to 2.0 μm in diameter Size ranges from 10 μm – to 100 μm in diameter Cell wall Usually present; chemically complex in nature When present, chemically simple in nature Nucleus Absent. Instead, they have a nucleoid region in the cell Present Ribosomes Present. Smaller in size and spherical in shape Present. Comparatively larger in size and linear in shape DNA arrangement Circular Linear Mitochondria Absent Present Difference between Prokaryotic cells vs Eukaryotic cells

7. Difference between Prokaryotic cells vs Eukaryotic cells Prokaryotes Eukaryotes Cytoplasm Present, but cell organelles absent Present, cell organelles present Endoplasmic reticulum Absent Present Plasmids Present Very rarely found in eukaryotes Lysosome Lysosomes and centrosomes are absent Lysosomes and centrosomes are present Cell division Through binary fission Through mitosis Flagella The flagella are smaller in size The flagella are larger in size Reproduction Asexual Both asexual and sexual Example Bacteria and Archaea Plant and Animal cell