Ecosystem and types of different ecosystem.pdf.pdf

You will gain knowledge about ecosystem and its types in easiest way.This topic will cover ecological concepts in depth of biology.Students of environmental biology can also learn ecological concepts easily .students of biology of all levels can learn this topic in easy words. This topic will cover deciduos ecosystem,tundra ecosystem,desert ecosystem and other types of ecosystem

1. 1 | P a g e
Zia Ur Rehman
M.Sc M.Ed


Ecosystem
Temperate deciduous
forest
Coniferous alpine and
boreal forest
Grassland Ecosystem Desert Ecosystem Tundra Ecosystem
Introduction
Pakistan: Neelam valley &
Shogran.
India, Southeast Asia,
Eastern North America,
Europe, China, Australia,
Japan, North and South
America.
Pakistan: Kaghan, Dir and
Chlas, Mallam Jaba.
Eurasia, North America,
Canada.
Pakistan: Gilgit, Kashmir,
Chitral and North kallat.
Eurasian continents.
Pakistan: Western Punjab
(Mianwali and Bukhar),
Southern Punjab like Fort
Abbas, Bahwal Nagar,
Yazman Bahawal Pur
(Cholistan), Khan Pur and
Rahimyar Khan, Thar (Sindh)
Sahara or Chile.
North America, Northern
Europe, Siberia,
Paksitan: Karakoram, Koh
Hindu Kash,
Types -
Types: Alpine: At high
altitude.
Boreal: At high latitude.
Prairies.
Savanna.

-
Arctic tundra
Alpine tundra
Climatic
Condition
Temperate, moist, distinct
wet, distinct summer and
winter season. Soil very
fertile.
Taiga condition. Growing
season is shorter. Winter is
long. Coniferous trees
present. Plants have small
waxy needles. Low rate of
evaporation.
Tall grasses.
Trees along the river.
Mosses and lichens.
Dry
Temperature 4

|−30

| Temperature upto 10

| 20

|−30

|
During day: Up to 38

|
At night: −4

|
Extremely cold. Warm in
summer.
Rainfall 750 – 1500 mm 300 – 900 mm 250 to 750 mm 25 – 50 cm
Animal
Macaca mulatto, black bear,
leopard cat, deer, and
wolves.
Wolf, black bear, marco
polo sheep, flying squirrel,
etc.
Herbivores (zebra, horse,
bisons), invertebrates,
reptiles, amphibians and
mammals.
Lizards, snakes, kangaroo,
rat, and birds.
Mosquito, ducks, geese,
Plant
Taxus baccata, wallichiana,
herbs and shrubs.
Pinus wallichiana, pinus
roxburgii, smithiana
cederous deodara.
Tall grasses.
Trees along the river.
Mosses and lichens.
Bushes, cacti.
Few centimeters tall.
Often large lichen.

Other Bacteria, fungi. Decomposer.
Bacteria, actinomycetes,
molds, yeasts, mushrooms,
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