Ecosystem Restoration

This section covers measures to restore degraded lands

1. Ecosystem Restoration Reversing damage to the ecosystem 1 Dr.Sunita chahar N.E.S.Ratnam College of Arts,Science & Commerce, Mumbai, Maharashtra

2. 2 Ecosystem Restoration A process assisting the recovery of an ecosystem that has been degraded, damaged, or destroyed . By Society for Ecological Restoration; Coined by John Arber and William Jordan

3. Causes of Environmental Degradation 3 Climate Change and changes in Sea level Air Pollution Unsustainable fishing Shipping impact Eutrophication in the water bodies Deforestation Urbanization

4. 4 Natural and Anthropogenic Disturbances

5. 5 Purpose of Ecosystem Restoration 1. Reversing loss of ecosystem due to climate change and degradation. 2. To Check decline in biodiversity 3. To improve human living conditions

6. Develop goals Restoration Plan 6 Develop implementation plan Design monitoring system Implement the restoration program Periodically evaluate the program Communicate and educate People

7. Methods of Restoration 7 Replanting wetlands, creek beds, forestland, and other habitats Plant native species Eradicating invasive species Monitoring pond and lake habitats and preparing reports on findings and submitting it to authorities.

8. To Plant Native species 8 Native species love their region They will help pollinators in pollination mechanism Native plants will conserve more water and limit water run off They are drought champions Example: of Mohamad Dilwar ( From Nasik) . His group has created 25 city forests with largely native plants Ex. Replaced Hamelia with Woodfordia fruticosa Cascabela thevetia with Nerium oleander

9. According to 2017, “ Down to Earth” 9 77 of the 387 Indian plants listed under IUCN-International Union for Conservation of Nature’s Red List - are Critically Endangered and 6 are extinct. These alarming figures reflect the reality of every region of India. Mumbai has 75% non native trees Movement- Bring Native Species back

10. Eradicate Invasive Species 10 T hey are harmful to natural resources because they disrupt natural communities and ecological processes. They outcompete the native species Example - Gulmohar is a native of Madagascar, Peltophorum- S.E.Asia, Rain tree- Soth America BMC of Mumbai has also taken the decision to plant only native species ( Banyan, Pipal, True Ashoka, Mango, Parijat, Sandalwood, Jackfruit, Chafa)

11. 65-year-old Jadav Payeng was conferred the title 'The  Forest Man ' in Delhi by the Government of  India  on World Earth Day in 2010, for turning a barren land of 550 hectares (over 1300 acres) into a lush green  forest  all by himself. The forest, called  Molai forest  after him, is located near Kokilamukh of  Jorhat , Assam,  India   Shri Jadhav Payeng 11 In 2015, he was honored with  Padma Shri , the fourth highest civilian award in India

12. Tools and Methods for Restoration Azobactor and Azospirillum Soil Microbes for soil fertility Asymbiotic bacteria Symbiotic bacteria Nitrogen fixing bacteria - Rhizobium 12

13. Tools and Methods for Restoration Ectomycorrhizae, VAM/AM Fungi Use of Mycorrhizae in Reforestation Organise Revegetation programs 13

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17. Need to educate about the Environmental issues Steps To Be Taken 17

18. Proper disposal of waste Steps for Ecosystem Restoration 18 Shift to non-conventional energy sources Tree Plantation Reduce and Reuse Restriction on exploitation of forest resources Population control

19. Let us live happily and safely with Nature 19

20. Thank you! 20