Ecto endo parasites

Explanation on Endoparasites & Ectoparasites

1. Ecto -Endo Parasites AKSHAYA S 20LS601002 III MSC MICROBIOLOGY

2. Parasitism Parasitism is a close relationship between species, where one organism, the parasite, lives on or inside another organism, the host, causing it some harm, and is adapted structurally to this way of life. They are classified as ; Ecto parasites Endo parasites

3. Ecto parasites Lives outside on the surface of the body of the host. Some of the ectoparasites are ; Scabies (Sarcoptes scabiei). The common bed bug (Cimex lectularius) . Fleas, and lice, including the body louse (Pediculus humanis). Pubic louse (Phthirius pubis). Head louse (Pediculus humanus capitis).

4. Scabies (Sarcoptes scabiei) Scabies is an infestation by the human itch mite called Sarcoptes scabies . Untreated, these microscopic mites can live on your skin for months. They reproduce on the surface of your skin and then burrow into it and lay eggs. This causes an itchy, red rash to form on the skin.

5. Transmission Direct, prolonged skin to skin contact. Sexual contact Exposure in hospitals, households, daycare etc. Indirect transfer from clothing, towels & bedding. Transmission occurs as long as a person is not treated

6. Clinical Symptoms Hands – look between fingers, palms, wrists Elbows Back – look between shoulder blades Armpits Waist – look at belt line all the way around Knees

7. Life Cycle Life cycle stages : Eggs Larvae Nymph Adult

8. Diagnosis To diagnose scabies, your doctor examines your skin, looking for signs of mites, including the characteristic burrows. When your doctor locates a mite burrow, he or she may take a scraping from that area of your skin to examine under a microscope. The microscopic examination can determine the presence of mites or their eggs.

9. Endo parasite Intercellular parasites are endoparasites that live within the cell of the host. Examples of intercellular parasites : Nematodes, tapeworms, and other helminthes. Examples of intracellular parasites: Protozoan Plasmodium, the causative agent of malaria.

10. Plasmodium Plasmodium is a genus of unicellular eukaryotes that are obligate parasites of vertebrates and insects. The 5 Plasmodium species known to cause malaria in humans are P falciparum, P vivax, P ovale, P malariae, and P knowlesi.

11. Life cycle The life cycle is almost the same for all the five species that infect humans and follows three stages: (I) infection of a human with sporozoites (II) asexual reproduction (III) sexual reproduction

12. Diagnosis Clinical diagnosis Malaria blood smear Fluorescent microscopy Antigen detection Serology Polymerase chain reaction

13. References https://www.cdc.gov/malaria/about/biology/index.html https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/bies.201900138 https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/biochemistry-genetics-and-molecular-biology/ectoparasite https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/ectoparasite https://www.cdc.gov/parasites/scabies/index.html

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