Effects of pollution

on plants and animals

1. Group members: SADAF RASHEED HADIA AZHAR UMM-E-FARWA

2. EFFECTS OF POLLUTION ON ANIMALS AND PLANTS

3. Pollution : Pollution is the introduction of contaminants into the natural environments that cause adverse change.

4. TYPES OF POLLUTION: Air Pollution Water pollution Land Pollution Noise pollution

5. Effects of pollution on animals

6. AIR POLLUTION: Formation of the acid rain in the air damages fish life in lakes and streams. Rays from ozone layer with excessive ultraviolet radiation coming from the sun may cause skin cancer in animals. Rays from ozone in the lower atmosphere may destroy lung tissues of the animals.

7. WATER POLLUTION : Fishes and aquatic organisms are poisoned due to industrial chemicals and agricultural pesticides. Polluted water retards the reproductive efficiency of animals . Increased disease incidences Breakdown of food chain Disturbance of ecosystem

8. Land pollution: Polluted soil may effect metabolism of microorganism and arthropods which may contain the primary food chain putting negative impact on predator species. Insects may eat polluted soil which hits their biodiversity .

9. Noise pollution: Noise can cause serious damage to wild life. Ways in which animals are adversely affected by noise pollution include: Hearing loss Masking Physiological effects Behavioral effects Ecological effects

10. Masking : Masking is the inability to hear important environmental clues and animal signals. P hysiological effects: Such as increase in heart rate, respiratory difficulties and stress. B ehavioral effects : Result in abandonment of territory and loss of ability to reproduce. Ecological effects: It leads to migration of animals which disturbs the ecosystem.

11. EFFECTS OF POLLUTION ON PLANTS

12. Pollution does not only affect animals and humans, it has many negative effects on plants as well. Some of these effects include leaf damage , slower growth, root damage , inability to photosynthesize properly

13. AIR POLLUTION : Air pollution comes from many sources such as the smoke stack in a factory, car exhaust, or off gassing from paint or producing plastic. The effects of air pollution on plants are widely seen and damage all plants including our food crops and trees.

14. The chemicals responsible for the pollution include carbon, sulfur, and nitrogen oxides . Plants usually show damage in a variety of ways, including visible signs of damage like necrotic lesions, stunted plant growth, or changing in color including chlorosis, reddening, bronzing, mottling.

15. Ozone holes: Ozone holes in the atmosphere also harm plants . Holes in the upper atmosphere allow an excess ultraviolet light to pass through the atmosphere leading to plant damage. In the lower atmosphere, ozone damages plants by  preventing  photosynthesis and obstructing stomata, restricting respiration and stunting plant growth.  

16. Water pollution : Water pollution happens in various ways such as sewage leakage , industrial spills or direct discharge into water bodies, biological contamination , from farm runoff.

17. Acid rain: Acid rain is formed when water from the atmosphere is combined with sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides suspended in the air. When this rain reaches earth’s surface, it causes damage to the soil and plants. I t damages leaves and makes it harder for the plant or tree to photosynthesize and regulate the exchange of gasses .

18. Land or SOIL POLLUTION : Land pollution comes from improper waste disposal, from sources like oil spills, landfills, pesticides, or illegal dumping. These chemicals seep into the soil and strip the land from any nutritional content, and fill the soil with chemicals or metals that  damage plant cells and keep plants from obtaining nutrients and growing .

19. Furthermore, plants can be poisoned by the toxic substances stored in contaminated soils . It also can  change the plant metabolism and reduce crop yields