EG - U3.pptx PPT RELATED TO STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY AND PLATE TECTONICS

ENGINEERING GEOLOGY SUB . THE THIRD UNIT NAMED AS STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY AND PLATE TECTONICS SOME CONTENTS GET COVERED.
DIFFERENT STUCTRURALGEOLOGY IKE OUT CROP, DIP AND STRIKE, DIFFERNT CONFIRMITY.
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1. STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY AND PLATE TECTONICS

2. Out Crop Outcrop is defined as exposed bedrock or an unconsolidated deposit to the surface of the ground. These outcrops are generally found along riverbanks , along the slopes of deep gorge and also on the crests of ridges.

3. Dip and Strike Strike and dip are two references that are important for defining the attitude of any geologic feature. The strike and dip geology define the position of the structure with respect to a horizontal plane and both together provide a more accurate structural description rather than only strike geology . The measurement of the strike and dip geology are determined by the field with a compass and clinometer or a combination of the two Currently, strike and dip geology can also be measured using smartphones

4. Conformable Series Successive beds or strata are conformable when they lie one upon another in unbroken and parallel order and no disturbance or denudation took place at the locality while they were being deposited

5. Unconformity Unconformities are a type of geologic contact—a boundary between rocks—caused by a period of erosion or a pause in sediment accumulation, followed by the deposition of sediments a new. when an older rock formation has been deformed or partially eroded before a younger rock layer, usually sedimentary, is laid down

6. Type of Conformity There are three kinds of unconformities: disconformities, nonconformities, and angular unconformities .

7. Folds When the Earth’s crust is pushed together via compression forces, it can experience geological processes called folding and faulting. Folding occurs when the Earth’s crust bends away from a flat surface. A bend upward results in an anticline and a bend downward results in a syncline .

8. Faults A fault is formed in the Earth’s crust as a brittle response to stress. Generally, the movement of the tectonic plates provides the stress, and rocks at the surface break in response to this .

9. Difference between Folds and Faults Sr. No Folds Faults 1 Folds are bends in the rocks that are due to compressional forces Faults are due to tensional forces along which displacements of rocks take pace 2 Folding occurs when compressional force is applied to rocks that are ductile or flexible Faults occur when forces operating in opposite directions leads to tension and as a result rocks develop cracks on the fissure 3 Folds are commonly formed by shortening of existing layers A fault plane is the plane that represents the fracture surface of a fault 4 Folding resulted in the Himalayan Mountains, Alps etc Faulting results in the formation of block mountains and river valleys like the Narmada, Tapi