Egyptian-Literature-Group-1.pptx

The content are the culture of Egypt and their literary traditions.

1. EGYPTIAN LITERATURE Group 1

2. Fascinating Facts about Egypt Longest river: The Nile River Population: Over 110 million, third highest in Africa. Transcontinental nature: the Sinai Peninsula connects Africa and Asia. Statue of Liberty's connection to the Suez Canal. 1 Cairo: Third-largest city in Africa The Great Pyramid of Khufu: The last ancient wonder standing. 2 3 01 4 5 6

3. Fascinating Facts about Egypt Aswan High Dam: World's largest embankment dam. Oasis: The largest food court in the world in Cairo Alexandria: Named after Alexander the Great. 7 UNESCO Sites: Abu Mena, Necropolis of Thebes, Cairo, Pyramids of Giza, Nubian monuments, Saint Catherine Area, Whale Valley. 7 Historical significance of the Pyramids of Giza. 8 9 10 11

4. Fascinating Facts about Egypt Egyptian invention of the 12-month calendar. Pyramid builders were likely paid laborers, not slaves. Ancient Egyptians believed in the healing power of makeup. Egypt's coastline borders the Red Sea and the Mediterranean Sea. 12 13 14 15

5. Egyptian literature is among the earliest literary traditions in human history. It utilized symbols and figures, primarily hieroglyphs, which visually represented elements of their culture and daily life. Egyptian literature emerged from the popular voice of ancient civilizations, offering insights into the beliefs, customs, and experiences of early human societies. WHAT IS EGYPTIAN LITERATURE?

6. HISTORY AND ORIGIN OF LITERATURE IN EGYPT

7. Proto-Writing It refers to the earliest writing systems born in Egypt. Emerged before the dynasties, around the end of the 4 th millennium BC. Consisted of symbols and figures used to represent ideas and concepts. Symbols were drawn on stones, walls, vases, and various facades. These inscriptions served as records, documenting customs, practices, and activities of the ancient Egyptians.

8. Introduction of Papyrus A new writing material that became widely used. Different types of texts emerged, including funeral texts, letters, poems, and autobiographies. There is the rise of the writing profession, which considerably increased the production of texts produced at the time. Writing was used as a tool by rulers and elite to convey messages and maintain control

9. The well-known Library of Alexandria was built in the early 3rd century BC. Stored a large amount of papyrus with information on the advances and knowledge of the time. Establishment of the Library of Alexandria

10. 1. HIEROGLYPHICS Small symbols or images of objects that represent a concept, object, action, or sound. The Egyptians donned their hieroglyphs as " words of god ", and the word hieroglyph itself means " holy carving ". THREE FORMS OF EGYPTIAN WRITINGS

11. 2. HIERATIC SYMBOL Simpler and more conventionalized in form than hieroglyphics It was used in religious texts, funeral papyri, and sacred ceremonies. THREE FORMS OF EGYPTIAN WRITINGS 3. DEMOTIC SYMBOL Demotic was created for every day, informal writing.

12. The introduction of alternative writing methods led to the development of literary subgenres, including poems, epistles, funeral texts, autobiographies, letters, and early narratives. Literary works employed recurrent stylistic resources, such as deity invocations, parallelism, repetition of ideas, grammatical structures, and mythological themes. DEVELOPMENT OF LITERATURE IN EGYPT

13. Prophetic texts emerged, exploring explanations about the world's origin. Additional literary forms included discursive texts, laments, and occasional apocalyptic literature. DEVELOPMENT OF LITERATURE IN EGYPT

14. MAIN CHARACTERISTICS OF EGYPTIAN LITERATURE

15. THEME One of the most important aspects of Egyptian literature is the variety of themes. Mythology was a prominent and recurrent theme in Egyptian literature, reflecting their beliefs and stories about gods, creation, and the afterlife.

16. THEME Egyptian literature also explored themes related to customs, laws, and societal guidelines, shaping the behavior of citizens. Texts were created based on laws, providing a foundation for literary works and reflecting societal values and expectations.

17. IMPORTANCE OF MYTHOLOGY Another fundamental aspect of Egyptian literature was the importance given to mythology. Egyptian gods played a central role in literature, influencing the lives of the inhabitants. Mythological narratives served to control and guide the behavior of the population, emphasizing the significance of religious beliefs in society.

18. EDUCATIONAL PURPOSE Texts were developed for educational purposes, aimed to transfer knowledge to other inhabitants.

19. MATERIAL USED Egyptians initially used chisels to carve stones for writing. They also used the calamus, a cut reed resembling a paintbrush. Pigments like ochre and carbon black were employed for writing. Hemp was primarily used for writing on papyrus.

20. FUNERARY PROCESSES Beliefs and funeral activities inspired the writing of funeral poems. These poems are considered the earliest texts of religious literature. Literary works included poems praising life achievements, hymns, and songs dedicated to gods.

21. WRITERS Scribes were a specialized social group responsible for writing, preserving, and transmitting literary texts. Scribes played a crucial role in canonizing and storing literary works. Apart from scribes, individuals from the upper social classes also had access to reading and texts, even if they were not part of the profession.

22. MAIN WORKS AND MOST IMPORTANT AUTHORS

23. Main Authors of Egyptian Literature Dua- Jeti - Writer of the 19th Dynasty. Ptahhotep - Author from the pre-dynastic era.

24. Other Notable Figures Ipuur Kagemni Ennana Naguib Mahfuz

25. Modern Literary Figures Yaqub Sannu Mustafa Lutfi al- Manfalouti Yuryi Zaydan .

26. "The Story of a Castaway" "The Story of King Khufu and the Magicians“ "The Adventures of Sinuhé " "The Story of the Eloquent Peasant" "The Book of the Dead" also known as “Peri Em Heru” Prominent Works in Egyptian Literature

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