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1. EIGHT

2. Political spectrum (Fig. 2.1) Marxism Democratic socialism Social democracy/ Third Way Conservatism Anarchism Neo-liberalism Fascism LEFT RIGHT Feminism Radical Reformist Environmentalism Radical Reformist Anti-globalism Populism  Theocracy Leisure, Sport and Tourism, Politics, Policy and Planning, 4 th edition, Veal, 2017, CABI Tourism Texts

3. Along the rellies

4. Post-ideological politics This can be seen because: There are less clear ideological differences between political parties Pressure group politics often does not fit into traditional ideologies eg environmentalism Many political groups are concerned with single issues rather than a comprehensive ideology This implies that political ideology is less important in politics today Why might a protest such as this be seen as an example of post-ideological politics?

5. Post-ideological politics This can be seen because: There are less clear ideological differences between political parties Pressure group politics often does not fit into traditional ideologies eg environmentalism Many political groups are concerned with single issues rather than a comprehensive ideology This implies that political ideology is less important in politics today Why might a protest such as this be seen as an example of post-ideological politics?

6. Political spectrum (Fig. 2.1) Marxism Democratic socialism Social democracy/ Third Way Conservatism Anarchism Neo-liberalism Fascism LEFT RIGHT Feminism Radical Reformist Environmentalism Radical Reformist Anti-globalism Populism  Theocracy Leisure, Sport and Tourism, Politics, Policy and Planning, 4 th edition, Veal, 2017, CABI Tourism Texts

7. Political spectrum (Fig. 2.1) Marxism Democratic socialism Social democracy/ Third Way Conservatism Anarchism Neo-liberalism Fascism LEFT RIGHT Feminism Radical Reformist Environmentalism Radical Reformist Anti-globalism Populism  Theocracy Leisure, Sport and Tourism, Politics, Policy and Planning, 4 th edition, Veal, 2017, CABI Tourism Texts

8. NATION Nation – a large group of people who share common characteristics such as language, traditions and ethnicity, and share a history and culture (even if the group does not have a country of its own). Emerged as a social construct , based on the concepts of identity and ethnicity. “ imagined communities ” that see themselves as one due to notions of unity. 8 Tagalog Ilocano Hiligaynon Visayan Tausug Maranao Filipino

9. NATION Nation – a large group of people who share common characteristics such as language, traditions and ethnicity, and share a history and culture (even if the group does not have a country of its own). Emerged as a social construct , based on the concepts of identity and ethnicity. “ imagined communities ” that see themselves as one due to notions of unity. 9 Tagalog Ilocano Hiligaynon Visayan Tausug Maranao Filipino

10. NATION Nation – a large group of people who share common characteristics such as language, traditions and ethnicity, and share a history and culture (even if the group does not have a country of its own). Emerged as a social construct , based on the concepts of identity and ethnicity. “ imagined communities ” that see themselves as one due to notions of unity. 10 Tagalog Ilocano Hiligaynon Visayan Tausug Maranao Filipino

11. NATION Nation – a large group of people who share common characteristics such as language, traditions and ethnicity, and share a history and culture (even if the group does not have a country of its own). Emerged as a social construct , based on the concepts of identity and ethnicity. “ imagined communities ” that see themselves as one due to notions of unity. 11 Tagalog Ilocano Hiligaynon Visayan Tausug Maranao Filipino

12. NATION Nation – a large group of people who share common characteristics such as language, traditions and ethnicity, and share a history and culture (even if the group does not have a country of its own). Emerged as a social construct , based on the concepts of identity and ethnicity. “ imagined communities ” that see themselves as one due to notions of unity. 12 Tagalog Ilocano Hiligaynon Visayan Tausug Maranao Filipino

13. NATION Nation – a large group of people who share common characteristics such as language, traditions and ethnicity, and share a history and culture (even if the group does not have a country of its own). Emerged as a social construct , based on the concepts of identity and ethnicity. “ imagined communities ” that see themselves as one due to notions of unity. 13 Tagalog Ilocano Hiligaynon Visayan Tausug Maranao Filipino