ELA. Elaichi power point presentation dravyaguna

Elaichi
Ela
Dravyaguna
Bams 2nd proff

1. Elādwaya Basonym of Drug प्रेरयति स्फूर्ति जनयतीत्यर्थः । Ela is a stimulant. Synonyms Habitat 1. कोरङ्गी-कोरङ्गदेशे व्यवहृता । Ela grows in South India. 2. द्राविडी द्रविडदेशे जाता । Ela is cultivated in South Indian states. Morphology 3. त्रिपुटा-त्रयः पुटा अस्यः । Ela fruit is triangular shaped and has three surfaces.

2. 4. निष्कुटिः-निष्क्रान्ता कुटेः कोशात् बीजानां कोशावृतत्वात् । Seeds are enclosed by leathery layer appears like a pouch. 5. बहुला-बहूनि बीजान्यस्मिन् । Ela fruit has many seeds. 6. त्रुटिः-त्रुटयत् इति, सूक्ष्मेत्यर्थः । Ela seeds are very small. 7. उपकुञ्चिका-उपकुञ्चति । Fruits are contracted. Properties and actions 8. बहुलगन्धा-बहुलो गन्धोऽस्याम् । Ela has strong and pleasant odour. १. तुत्था-तोदं स्थापयति शमयति । Ela alleviated pricking pain Regional names - English – Cardamom, Hindi - Chhoti Elachi Kannada – Elakki , Malayalam - Ellakaya , Marathi - Elachi

3. Botanical Name - Elettaria cardamomum. (Elettaria = Elacetar -derived from Malayalam cardamomum - Kardamon-amomon cress = Pungent.) Family - Zingiberaceae (See Appendix II for key features) Kula- Haridra . Classification of Dravya ( Gana ) - Caraka - Śwāsahara varga , Angamarda praśamana varga,Visaghna Suśruta - Eladi gana , Pippalyadi gana B.P.Ni . - Karpuradi varga

4. Morphology Habitat Ela is cultivated in many parts of South Indian states like Karnataka, Kerala and Tamilnadu . Varieties - B.P.Ni ., Dh.Ni . & Ka.Ni . -Two varieties- 1. Sukşmaila , 2. Sthūlaila . Elettaria cardamomum – Plant with woody root stock, branching Stem 5 to 8 ft high. Clothed below with spongy sheaths. Leaves - Leaves are subsessile, 30 to 60 cm long and 7.5 cm wide, oblong-lanceolate.

5. Inflorescence - Panicles , 30-60 cm long. Bracts are linear-oblong, Persistent, 3.8-5 cm long. Calyx is 1.3 cm long. Lip of corolla is white, streaked with violet. Fruit- Capsule, subglobose or oblong, about 1.3 cm in diameter, marked with many fine vertical ribs. Seeds Small and black. Amomum subulatum Roxb .- Stem - Leafy stem, 3-4 ft. long. Leaves - Leaves are 30 to 60 cm long, 7.5 to 10 cm wide, oblong, lanceolate, green, glabrous on both surfaces. Inflorescence - Spike , shortly peduncled , 5-7.5 cm long, globose, very dense. Bracts are red-brown, obtuse, outer 2.5 cm, ovate, with a horny cusp, inner shorter. Calyx and corolla tube 2.5 cm long, segments subobtuse , shorter than the tube, upper cuspidate. Lip obovate-cuneate, emarginate, yellowish white, rather longer than the corolla-segments. Filament is very short.

6. Fruit - Capsule, 2.5 cm in diameter, globose, red- brown, densely echinate. Useful parts – Phala (Fruits) and Beeja (Seeds). Elletaria cardamomum - Fruits are three sided trilocular capsule, ovoid or oblong in shape with rounded base and slightly pointed beak, up to 1.5 cm long and 6 mm broad. Surface is finely striated longitudinally, pale buff to light green in color. Seeds are many, irregularly angular, transversely rugose, reddish brown in color, closely packed in each of the three cells. Fruits have camphoraceous and pungent odour , has acrid and sweet taste leaving a cold sensation on chewing. Amomum subulatum - Fruits are large, coarsely striated, dark brown in colour, measuring about 2 to 3 cm in length and up to 1.5 cm in width. Fruit is trilocular capsule, anterio -posteriorly flattened, having a number of irregular, dentate-undulate wings which extend from the apex downwards, for two third of its length. Internally the capsule con extend from seeds held together by a viscious pulp of dark brown colour. Odour is very strong and camphoraceous. Has pungent and slightly sweet taste.

7. Phytoconstituents Cardamom seeds contain volatile oil (2 to 8%). Volatile oil contains cineole, Terpinyl acetate, Terpineol, Borneol, Terpinene, camphene, P-cymene, Geraneol . Seeds also contain fixed oil (10%), starch and proteins.

8. Dõşakarma (Action on Doșa) Suksmaila- Kapha vātahara, Pittahara due to Śita vīrya & Vātahara due to Madhura vipāka. Sthulaila - Kaphapitta hara, Vātahara due to Uşņa vīrya & Kaphahara because of Uşna virya and Kațu vipāka. Karma (Actions) Suksmaila - Śwāsahara, Kāsahara, Arsoghna, Mūtrakrc-chraghna, Rocana, Dipana, Hrdya, Mukhaśodhaka. Sthulaila - Śwāsahara, Kandughna, Trşnāhara, Hrllāsanāśaka, Kāsahara, Visaghna, Rocaka, Chardighna. Pharmacological Actions Aromatic, Stimulant, Carminative, Stomachic and Diuretic. Rogaghnala (Therapeutic indications) Suksmaila - Śwāsa, Kāsa, Mūtrakrcchra, Aruci, Mukhadourgandhya, Dāha, Trạņā. Sthulaila - Śwāsa, Kāsa, Kandu, Hyllāsa, Chardi, Aruci.

9. Āmayika Prayoga (Therapeutic administration) 1. Mūtrāghāta (Retention of urine) and Mūtrakrcchra (Dysuria) धात्रीफलरसेनैवं सूक्ष्मैलां वा पिबेन्नरः । (सु.उ. 58/41) Amalaki Rasa (Juice of Emblica officinalis ) and Ela cürņa (powder of Elettaria cardamomum ) will relieve Mutrāghāta (Retention of Urine) and Mutrakrechra ( Dys - uria ). 2. Timira (Progressive Cataract)   बस्तमूत्रे त्र्यहं स्याप्यमेलाचूर्ण सुभावितम्।चूर्णाञ्जनञ्चतैमिर्यक्रिमिपैल्लयमलापहम्॥ ( च.चि. 26/24 The powder of Ela ( Elettaria cardamomum ) is immersed in Basta mūtra (Goat's urine) for 3 days and used as Añjana ( Collyrium ) is efficacious in Timira (Progressive cataract), Kymi (Helminthiasis) and Pilla .

10. Matra (Dosage) Curna (Powder) -0.5 to 1g Yoga (Formulation) Elādi guțika - Śwāsa , Kāsa , Hikka Elādi kwātha - Aśmari , Mutrakrcchra   Elādi Curņa - Mūtrakrcchra Ela Yoga - Kaphaja Mūtrakrcchra Elādyarişta - Visarpa , Masūrikā Elādya ghrita - Rājayakşma , Bhagandara Eladva modaka - Madātyaya , Madyavikāra

11. Research index 1. Chemopreventive effects of cardamom ( Elettaria cardamomum L) on chemically induced skin carcinogenesis in Swiss albino mice. J Med Food. 2012 Jun: 15(6):576-80. Epub 2C 12 Mar 9. 2. Elettaria cardamomum (L.) Maton . (Small cardamom) fruit powder was evaluated for its antihypertensive potential and its effect on some of the cardiovascular risk factors in individuals with stage 1 hypertension. The present study demonstrates that small cardamom effectively reduces blood pressure, enhances fibrinolysis and improves antioxidant status, without significantly

12. Classical references Synonyms Sūksmailā - सूक्ष्मोपकुञ्चिका तुत्था कोरङ्गी द्राविडी त्रुटिः । (भा.प्र. कर्पूरादिवर्ग. 63) Sthulaita - राला स्थूला च बहुला पृथ्वीका त्रिपुटाऽपि च। भप्रैला बृहदेला च चन्द्रबाला च निष्कुटिः ॥ ( भा.प्र. कर्पूरादिवर्ग. 60-61) Properties and Actions Sūkşmailā राला सूक्ष्मा कफ श्वासकासार्शोमूत्रकृच्छ्रहृत् । रसे तु कटुका शीता लध्वी वातहरी मता।(भा.प्र. कर्पूरादिवर्ग. 63) सूक्ष्मैला मूत्रकृच्छ्रघ्नी श्वासकासक्षये हिता । सूक्ष्मैला शीतला स्वादुहृद्या रोचनादीपनी ॥ (ध.नि. शतपुष्पादि वर्ग. 45) सूक्ष्मैला मूत्रकृच्छ्रार्शः श्वासकासकफापहा । रसैस्तु कटुका शीता लघ्वी वातहरी मता ।। (कै.नि. ओषधि वर्ग. 1341) राला तु कटुका शीता सुगन्धिः मुखशोधनी । कफपित्तविकारेषु क्षये कृच्छे च शस्यते ॥ ( प्रि.नि. हरीतक्यादिवर्ग. 93)

13. Brihad E la- स्थूलैला कटुका पाके रसे चानलकृल्लधुः । रुक्षोष्णा श्लेष्मपित्ता स्त्रकण्डूश्वासतृषाऽपहा । हृल्लासविषबस्त्यास्य शिरोह्वग्वमिकासनुत् ।। (भा.प्र. कर्पूरादि वर्ग. 61-62) रालातिक्ता च लध्वी स्या त्कफवात विषव्रणान् । बस्तिकण्ङ्गरुजो हन्ति मुखमस्तकशोधिनी ॥ (ध.नि. शतपुष्पादि वर्ग. 47) भद्रेला कटुकापाके रसे पित्ताग्नि कृल्लघुः । रूक्षोष्णा रोचनी कासकफवातास्त्रश्वासहा । हन्ति हल्लासतृट् कण्डू शिरोवस्त्यास्यरुग्वमीः ॥ (कै.नि. ओषधिवर्ग. 1343-1344) रालया सदृशी किन्तु वीर्योष्णा चाल्पगन्धयुक् । (प्रि.नि. हरीतक्यादि वर्ग. 94) Ela Samanya Guna रालाद्वयं शीतलतिक्तमुक्तं सुगन्धि पित्तार्तिकफापहारि । करोति हृद्रोगमलार्निवस्तिशूलघ्नमत्र स्थविरा गुणाढ्या ॥ (रा.नि. पिप्पल्यादि वर्ग. 87)