ELECTRIC VEHICLE(EV) WORKING PRESENTAION

This PowerPoint presentation offers a comprehensive exploration of electric vehicles (EVs), delving into the "why," "how," and the fascinating history behind their development.

Why EVs? Understand the compelling reasons driving the shift towards electric mobility, including environmental benefits, energy efficiency, and reduced dependence on fossil fuels.
How do they Work? Gain a clear understanding of the inner workings of EVs. Explore the core components like batteries, motors, and charging systems, and how they seamlessly come together to power these vehicles.
The EV Journey: Trace the history of electric vehicles from their early beginnings to the cutting-edge technology of today. See how innovation and determination have shaped the EV landscape.
With a special emphasis on the workings of electric vehicles, this presentation is perfect for anyone curious about this transformative technology. Whether you're a student, an automotive enthusiast, or simply interested in the future of transportation, this presentation will leave you informed and inspired.

Additional points you could add to the description, depending on the presentation's specific content:

Types of EVs: Overview of different types of electric vehicles, such as battery electric vehicles (BEVs), plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs), and hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs).  
Charging Infrastructure: Discuss the current state and future plans for EV charging infrastructure.
Environmental Impact: Analyze the positive environmental impact of widespread EV adoption.
Challenges and Opportunities: Explore the challenges facing the EV industry and the exciting opportunities that lie ahead.

1. HYBRID-ELECTRIC VEHICLE

2. TABLE OF CONTENT PROBLEMS WITH CURRENT TRANSPORTATION ENERGY REQUIREMENTS FOR A CONVENTIONAL VEHICLE CURRENT SOLUTION HYBRID – ELECTRIC VEHICLE BENIFTS OF HEV DRAWBACK OF HEV

3. Transportation sector has fueled the industrial growth and drastic progress in human society. Movement of people and goods by cars, trucks, buses, trains, airplanes, ships, etc. Development of Internal Combustion Engines is one of the major reasons for the rapid development of the Automotive Industry. ICEs work by burning petroleum fossil fuels, which are a depleting non-renewable resource. Combustion produces gaseous emissions, which are toxic causing air pollution. These emissions contain greenhouse gases, causing global warming. PROBLEMS WITH CURRENT TRANSPORTATION

4. Petroleum is a fossil fuel formed by decomposition of living matter subjected to extreme conditions within the Earth's crust through millions of years. Finite in nature. 90% of fuel used in transportation is petroleum. Global consumption of oil shows an increasing trend for near term. Peak oil forecasts range from 2020 to 2040 OIL RESERVES 1,650,585,140,000  barrels 47 years  of oil left (at current consumption levels) PROBLEMS WITH CURRENT TRANSPORTATION DEPLETING FOSSIL FUEL

5. PROBLEMS WITH CURRENT TRANSPORTATION B) AIR POLLUTION 50-90% of air pollution in cities is due to vehicular emissions. By products of combustion of Hydrocarbon fuel. CO2, water along with NOX, CO, unburnt HC, SO2 Nitrogen oxides (NOx) Nitrogen reacts with oxygen at high temperatures Combines with HC to create smog, and also causes acid rain Carbon monoxide (CO) Caused by incomplete combustion Toxic to humans and animals Unburnt HC Soot, particulate matter, smog.

6. CURRENT SOLUTION Emission and fuel economy standards Low carbon and bio fuels Vehicle electrification Vehicle intelligence and Autonomy, advanced controls Traffic management solutions Improving public transportation and new urban mobility solutions

7. Using two or more energy sources to propel the vehicle. Conventionally, petroleum fuel based energy source (petrol, diesel, etc.) via an Internal Combustion Engine is one of the energy sources. The other energy sources can be electricity, hydrogen, mechanical etc. The most popular type of Hybrid Vehicles are Hybrid Electric Vehicles (petroleum fuel and electricity) and Fuel Cell Hybrids (petroleum fuel and hydrogen). HYBRID VEHICLE

8. CURRENT SCENARIO-HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLE Strong emission norms by the Governments resulting in a push towards Hybrid and Electric vehicles. Governing agencies across the world are providing incentives to customers Recently, India approved US$1.4 billion towards electric and hybrid vehicle incentives. Hybrid Vehicles – temporary transition stage between conventional and fully electric vehicles GM, Volkswagen deciding against Hybrid Vehicles - focusing on conventional and EVs in the US market Ford, Toyota, Honda - still investing in Hybrid vehicles. Volvo - plans to phase out pure ICE cars, by 2025, 50% of global sales from pure EVs and other half from hybrids Auto makers spending $ 225 billion to develop more than 200 new plug-in vehicles through 2023 .

9. Combines energy from petroleum and electricity for propulsion. Multiple architectures and level of electrification. Architecture and System Voltage – determines vehicle capability and efficiency gains Primary energy source: Petroleum IC Engine Secondary energy source: Electricity Battery and E-Motor HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLE

10. Internal Combustion Engine Petroleum fuel -> Propulsion power by means of combustion. Combustion produces exhaust emissions. Electric Drive Unit: Electric energy <-> Propulsion Based on architecture, 1 or 2 EMs. High efficiency, no emissions. Transmission: Transfers power from propulsion units to the wheels HYBRID ELCTRIC VEHICLE- SUB SYSTEM

11. HYBRID ELCTRIC VEHICLE- SUB SYSTEM Fuel Tank : Energy storage system for petroleum fuel.. Batteries : The secondary energy storage system. Stores electric energy for the electric drive unit and other accessories. . Power Electronics: Controls the electric drive unit; as motor or generator. Charging system for plug-ins. Converts high voltage to low for accessories.

12. CONCEPT OF HYBRID ELECTRIC DRIVE TRAINS Hybrid electric vehicles will generally have two energy sources and converters. One will usually be a bidirectional energy source and converter. The other can be a bidirectional or a unidirectional one. Due to the bi-directionality of one powertrain, multiple energy/power flow paths can be achieved. Increases flexibility of operation.

13. HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLE ARCHITECTURES Based on this flexibility of the hybrid powertrain, there are structurally different types of hybrid vehicles. The architecture is defined based on the mechanical and electrical connection between the power sources, along with how the power flow takes place. There are three basic types of hybrid powertrains: Series hybrid Parallel hybrid Power-split hybrid Power-split hybrid is a combination of series and parallel hybrids, hence also known as series-parallel hybrid.

14. SERIES HYBRID POWERSTRAIN Two power sources feed a single power plant which is connected to the wheels. Unidirectional energy source is a fuel tank, unidirectional energy converter is an IC engine coupled with an electric generator. Bidirectional energy source is a battery, with a traction electric motor as the bidirectional energy converter, which is the power plant that provides propulsion power to the wheels IC engine - generator combination is used to convert fuel into electrical energy to power the traction motor and charge the battery. Known as extended range electric vehicle, range-extended electric vehicle, or electric vehicle-extended range (EREV/REEVIEVER)

15. SERIES HYBRID POWERSTRAIN

16. • Multiple power plants power the wheels together i.e. in parallel. • Engine and electric motor output power is combined together mechanically before going to the wheels. • The engine and electric motor both can provide power to the wheels individually or together. • Generally, the engine is connected to the wheels using a conventional transmission. • There are multiple ways to mechanically couple the electric motor, in parallel with the engine, to the wheels. These types are commonly referred to as PO, P1, P2, P3, P4 and P5. Parallel Hybrid Powertrain

17. Reduce Idle losses Reduces fuel consumption by allowing IC Engine to shut off at stops, when the engine would traditionally idle. Regenerative Braking Converting kinetic energy of the vehicle into electrical which would otherwise be lost as heat in the brakes. Engine Efficiency Improvement / Load Point Shifting Electric motor boosting or braking can be used to operate the engine at higher efficiencies. Electric driving / Zero emissions Based on the size of the motor and battery, only electric motor can be used to propel the vehicle, resulting in zero tailpipe emissions. BENIFTS OF HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLE

18. Sailing IC engine can be shut off when the vehicle is coasting, reducing energy loss due to engine drag. Downsizing Additional propulsion unit allows the engine to be downsized for the same application, making it more efficient . Improved Performance High torque at low speeds for electric motors and electric boosting can improve the performance of the vehicle. Reduced dependency on fossil fuels Improved efficiency results in lower consumption of fossil fuels. Reduced operational emissions Improved efficiency and electric driving reduces tailpipe emissions BENIFTS OF HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLE

19. Expensive compared to conventional vehicles Reliability concerns Increased weight due to extra components like electric motor and battery Reduced passenger/cargo space due space required for battery Requires complex control systems for vehicle operation and increased fuel efficiency Increased complexity in design can result in potential drivability issues Why aren't all Cars Hybrid ?

20. THANKS !