Electrical

This presentation contains details of electrical appliances and types of materials used in home electrical fittings and types of lighting systems

1. ELECTRICAL BY: MOHAMMED KHALEELULLAH (034) SHAISTA HAROON ZIAEE (049)

2. Our home is powered by the power distribution grid (power grid for short) which in its most simplest form can be explained. 1. Power is generated from a power plant in turbines 2. Power is sent to a transmission substation 3. Power is sent through high voltage wires to a power substation 4. Power is sent from a power substation through power lines connected by power poles to a transformer drum out the front of your house. There should usually be a wire connecting the power pole to the front of your house.

3. There are three general systems of arranging the conductors within a building for electric lighting purposes. The Tree or Single Main System. T he Subdivided Main System. The Three-Wire System.

4. TYPES OF ELECTRICAL APPLIANCES CABLE, WIRE & ASSEMBLIES FANS, HEAT SINKS & HVAC SWITCHES & RELAYS CONNECTORS SECURITY & AUDIO VISUAL AUTOMATION & PROCESS CONTROL CHEMICALS & ADHESIVES ELECTRICAL SOCKETS CIRCUIT PROTECTION SENSORS & TRANSDUCERS

5. CABLES & WIRES FANS ASSEMBLIES HEAT SINKS HVAC

6. SWITCHES & RELAYS CONNECTORS

7. SECURITY & AUDIO VISUAL AUTOMATION & PROCESS CONTROL

8. CHEMICALS & ADHESIVES SENSORS & TRANSDUCERS

9. TYPES / HOLES OF ELECTRICAL SOCKETS Usually there are two or three slots or holes in electrical sockets. The two hole electrical sockets are used for two pin plugs and three hole sockets for three pin plugs . Two hole sockets :  These electrical sockets carry two wires one of which is the live or hot wire carrying alternating current from main AC supply to the appliances. The other wire is the neutral wire that backs the current from the equipment to the mains supply . Three hole sockets :  In three hole electrical sockets, the function of two wires (live and neutral) are similar to that of two hole sockets but the additional or the third wire is earth or ground wire that grants electrical safety. In case of any fault in the electrical system, the ground wire ensures that the exposed conductive surfaces should be at the same electrical potential equal to the earth. This minimizes the risk of electrical shock if someone accidentally touches electrical device . Electrical Socket Materials Electrical sockets usually have either plastic or metal body. ELECTRICAL SOCKETS

10. ELECTRICAL SOCKETS

11. CIRCUIT PROTECTION

12. Concealed electrical wiring has become the norm of the day in modern construction. For safety and security of the installation, conduit pipes of different strengths are used to encase the wiring and placed in grooves carved on the brick surface, before the walls and ceilings are plastered and cemented. Since the conduit pipes are inlaid, they should remain intact for the life of the building. PVC CONDUIT PIPES Sizes : 16mm, 20mm, 25mm & 32mm Available Colours: Black , Ivory, Grey

13. One Way Two Way Side Two Way PVC JUNCTIONS Three Way Four Way Tee Coupler Elbow Bend

14. There are three basic types of lighting that work together in your home. Ambient (general lighting) Task Accent BASIC TYPES OF LIGHTING A good lighting plan combines all three types to light an area according to function and style.

15. It can be accomplished with chandeliers, ceiling or wall-mounted fixtures, recessed or track lights and with lanterns mounted on the outside of the home. Having a central source of ambient light in all rooms is fundamental to a good lighting plan. Ambient lighting provides an area with overall illumination. Also known as general lighting, it radiates a comfortable level of brightness without glare and allows you to see and walk about safely. In some spaces such as laundry rooms, the ambient lighting also serves as the primary source of task lighting.

16. Task lighting  helps you perform specific tasks, such as reading, grooming, preparing and cooking food, doing homework, working on hobbies, playing games and balancing your checkbook. It can be provided by recessed and track lighting, pendant lighting and under cabinet lighting, as well as by portable floor and desk lamps. Task lighting should be free of distracting glare and shadows and should be bright enough to prevent eye strain.

17. Accent lighting  adds drama to a room by creating visual interest. As part of an interior design scheme, it is used to draw the eye to houseplants, paintings, sculptures and other prized possessions or outdoor landscaping . To be effective, accent lighting requires as least three times as much light on the focal point as the general lighting surrounding it. Accent lighting is usually provided by recessed and track lighting or wall-mounted picture lights. It can also be used to highlight the texture of a brick or stone wall, window treatments

18. TYPES OF LIGHTS Chandeliers Hall/foyer fixtures Pendants Ceiling-Mounted Fixtures Wall-Mounted Fixtures Bath/Vanity Fixtures Portable Lighting Track Lighting Rail Lighting Recessed Lighting Under cabinet Lighting  

19. Chandeliers  add style and a decorative focal point to almost any room in the house. Though they have traditionally been used in the dining room, they are now commonly featured in bedrooms, kitchens, family rooms, living rooms, foyers and even bathrooms.

20. Hall/foyer fixtures  can create a beautiful focal point at the entrance to your home. They can provide the ambient lighting that you need to greet guests and to assure safe passage into other areas of your home. 

21. Pendants  can provide both task and ambient lighting. They are extremely popular and available in an unlimited range of styles, shapes and colors .

22. Ceiling-mounted fixtures  are excellent as a source of ambient lighting and are especially practical in areas with much activity, such as foyers, hallways, bedrooms, kitchens, baths, laundry rooms, playrooms and dens.

23. W all-mounted fixtures  can provide a unique sense of elegance and sophistication to any home. They can also furnish ambient, task and accent lighting. Many are designed to match and supplement chandeliers and other fixtures in sets or families.

24. Bath/vanity fixtures  supply task lighting, while supplementing the general lighting provided by ceiling fixtures. They are available in a wide range of styles, colors and shapes and are being used much more frequently today than the older bath/vanity lighting strips.

25. Portable lighting  can deliver ambient, task and accent lighting while giving you the flexibility to move the light wherever you want. Table lamps, floor lamps and torchieres (floor lamps with an uplight component) are available in a variety of styles to complement your interior design. Small specialty lamps, such as clip-on-lights, adjustable task lights and desk and accent lamps, fill a variety of task, ambient and accent lighting needs.

26. Track lighting  has undergone many changes in recent years. The trend in track lighting has been toward smaller fixtures, which are much less noticeable in the space. Track lighting is excellent for its flexibility and can provide ambient, task or accent lighting.

27. Rail lighting  is increasing in popularity.  As the demand grows for bendable, flexible rail lighting systems, rail lighting has been rejuvenated not only for function, but to add an additional decorative element to the space.

28. Recessed lighting  can provide general, task and ambient lighting in a very subtle manner . Installed in the ceiling with only the trim showing, recessed fixtures can be used anywhere in the home, including outdoors, under eaves and on porches. They are ideal for any type of ceiling, including tall ceilings, shorter ceilings and sloped ceilings.

29. Under cabinet fixtures  offer both task and accent lighting. Mounted under kitchen wall cabinets, they provide excellent task lighting at the countertop. Used in display cabinets, they provide accent lighting for three-dimensional art and sculpture. In workshops or laundry rooms, they are an ideal source of task and ambient lighting.

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