Electro static discharge (ESD) Safety & awareness training

Electro static discharge (ESD) is an mandatory safety training at EMS industries

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EElectrolectroSStatic tatic DDischarge Trainingischarge Training

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Course Objectives
To make Employees aware of . . .
what ESD is
why an ESD program is important
-’s minimum requirements for ESD control
their roles and responsibilities in the ESD program

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Presentation Outline
 What is ESD?
 Why is ESD Important?
 ESD Prevention Program
 ESD Roles and Responsibilities
 Hands-on Demonstration
 Q&A
 Assessment

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 ESD Definition
 Common Causes of ESD
 Sources of ESD
 Types of ESD Damage
What is ESD?

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ESD Definition
ESD – Electrostatic Discharge
The transfer of electrostatic charge between bodies at
different electrical potentials
Also referred to as static electricity
Electrostatic charge is most commonly created by the
contact and separation of two materials
..
Component damage - can occur with as little as 15 – 30 Volts!!!!
Examples of Static Generation
Typical Voltage Levels
Means of Generation 10-25% RH 65-90% RH
Walking across carpet 35,000V 1,500V
Walking across vinyl tile 12,000V 250V
Worker at bench 6,000V 100V
Poly bag picked up from bench 20,000V 1,200V
Chair with urethane foam 18,000V 1,500V
Examples of Static Generation
Typical Voltage Levels
Means of Generation 10-25% RH 65-90% RH
Walking across carpet 35,000V 1,500V
Walking across vinyl tile 12,000V 250V
Worker at bench 6,000V 100V
Poly bag picked up from bench 20,000V 1,200V
Chair with urethane foam 18,000V 1,500V
Examples of Static Generation
Typical Voltage Levels
Examples of Static Generation
Typical Voltage Levels
Examples of Static Generation
Typical Voltage Levels
Means of GenerationMeans of Generation 10-25% RH10-25% RH 65-90% RH65-90% RH
Walking across carpetWalking across carpet 35,000V35,000V 1,500V1,500V
Walking across vinyl tileWalking across vinyl tile 12,000V12,000V 250V250V
Worker at benchWorker at bench 6,000V6,000V 100V100V
Poly bag picked up from benchPoly bag picked up from bench 20,000V20,000V 1,200V1,200V
Chair with urethane foamChair with urethane foam 18,000V18,000V 1,500V1,500V
Examples of Static Generation
Typical Voltage Levels
Means of Generation 10-25% RH 65-90% RH
Walking across carpet 35,000V 1,500V
Walking across vinyl tile 12,000V 250V
Worker at bench 6,000V 100V
Poly bag picked up from bench 20,000V 1,200V
Chair with urethane foam 18,000V 1,500V
Examples of Static Generation
Typical Voltage Levels
Means of Generation 10-25% RH 65-90% RH
Walking across carpet 35,000V 1,500V
Walking across vinyl tile 12,000V 250V
Worker at bench 6,000V 100V
Poly bag picked up from bench 20,000V 1,200V
Chair with urethane foam 18,000V 1,500V
Examples of Static Generation
Typical Voltage Levels
Examples of Static Generation
Typical Voltage Levels
Examples of Static Generation
Typical Voltage Levels
Means of GenerationMeans of Generation 10-25% RH10-25% RH 65-90% RH65-90% RH
Walking across carpetWalking across carpet 35,000V35,000V 1,500V1,500V
Walking across vinyl tileWalking across vinyl tile 12,000V12,000V 250V250V
Worker at benchWorker at bench 6,000V6,000V 100V100V
Poly bag picked up from benchPoly bag picked up from bench 20,000V20,000V 1,200V1,200V
Chair with urethane foamChair with urethane foam 18,000V18,000V 1,500V1,500V

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ESDS – Electrostatic Discharge Sensitive
What type of parts are ESD Sensitive?
 Integrated Circuits (DIPs, QFP, BGA, SOT, etc.)
 Crystals and oscillators
 Printed Circuit Board Assemblies

When in doubt, treat it as ESDS!

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Common Causes of ESD
Opening a common plastic bag
Removing adhesive tape from a roll or container
Walking across a floor and grabbing the door knob
Transporting computer boards or components
around in their trays on non-ESD carts
Sliding circuit boards on a work bench
What are some other causes of ESD?

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Sources of ESD
Vinyl binders
Equipment covers
Data diskettes
Plastic document
holders/sheet protectors
Post-It
TM
notes
Plastic pens
Bubble wrap
Plastic housings on
equipment
Paper, schematics, etc.
Plastic work travelers
Plastic spray bottles
Personal items
–Purses
–Sweaters/jackets
–Insulated lunch totes
–Combs/brushes
–Lotion bottles
Don’t Bring Unneeded Items like these into the Work Area.
The following items are examples of materials that
generate and hold electrostatic charge.

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Static Generating Material
Static Generating
Material Example
Containment
Methods/Options
Excess boxes and packaging
material, Styrofoam
Remove from control area
Tape, binders, page protectors,
plastic bags and boxes, foam
Replace with ESD-safe
alternatives
Plastic connector packaging, plastic
case-with-board assembly (e.g.
mouse assembly)
Apply Ionization
Exterior packing foam (for outgoing
product)
Separate from ESDS items by
at least 3 feet (1 meter)
Computer displays (VDT's) Shield charge from ESDS items
Computer keyboards and monitor
cases, plastic "windows" or "guards"
on machinery
May treat with topical antistat

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Types of ESD Damage
CATASTROPHIC FAILURE
A device is exposed to ESD and it no longer
works
The device circuitry is permanently damaged
Such failures may be caught when tested, before
shipment
LATENT FAILURE
A device is exposed to ESD and is partially
damaged, yet it continues to work
The product may have a failure after the user
places it in service
What type of damage do you think is worse?

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Why is ESD Important?

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Why is ESD Important?
Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) can damage sensitive
electronic devices, resulting in:
Higher manufacturing costs

Rework

Repair
 Scrap
Lower production yields
Unhappy customers
 Shorter product life
 Reduce product reliability
Estimates of actual cost of ESD damage to the electronics
industry = $$$ Billions annually

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ESD Control Areas
Personal Grounding
Equipment grounding
ESDS Component & Assembly Handling
ESD Prevention Program

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ESD Control Areas
Any area where unprotected ESDS parts and assemblies may be handled
ESD areas must be labeled with posted signs and their boundaries marked

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Personal Grounding
Smocks
Everyone inside an ESD Control Area must
wear a smock
Smock sleeves should be in contact with the
skin, clothing underneath should not show
At least 3 of the front snaps should be closed
-

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Personal Grounding
Shoes and Heel Straps –
ESD safe shoes – must have a visible tag
or marking on the outside of the shoe to
show they are ESD shoes
and/or
Heel/Toe Straps - may be used to ground
personnel in areas where there are ESD
floors
Must be tested and logged daily

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Personal Grounding
Wrist straps
Required when handling ESDS
components and assemblies while
seated
Must be tested and logged daily

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Equipment Grounding
Carts and Movable Racks
Must be grounded in areas with ESD floors.
An attached drag chain, or flat, braided cable may be used,
with at least 2 inches drag chain in contact with the floor

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Equipment Grounding
Work Stations and Tables
Must have static dissipative surfaces connected in parallel to the building
ground source.
Must have wrist strap ground connections (2 recommended), preferably
banana jack receptacles, connected in parallel to the bldg ground source
Should be cleaned daily with an antistatic cleaner
2 wrist strap grounding receptacles
Static dissipative surface

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Equipment Grounding
Power Tools
Need to be grounded. Grounding to the local
utility is usually sufficient, but should be
determined by the site Engineering dept.
Shelving and Cabinets
Must provide a grounded surface unless the parts
remain fully enclosed within shielding-type
packaging
Storage Bins
All parts bins and containers must be static
dissipative or antistatic
Whenever practical, sensitive parts should
remain in the original container until
assembled

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ESDS Device Handling
To move ESDS parts or assemblies inside an ESD
control area, use one of the following;
Static dissipative containers
Static shielding containers
Conductive containers or board carriers
Ground movable racks

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 Area ESD Representatives
 Operators/Support Personnel
 Visitors/Sponsors
ESD Roles and Responsibilities

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Area ESD Representative’s
Responsibilities
Each area’s management designates at least 1
trained Area ESD Representative
Names of Area ESD Representatives must be
displayed by the ESD Tester
Conduct monthly audits of designated area using the
corporate ESD checklist (CORQA-15-100037)
Conduct weekly audits consisting of visual inspection
of each static protected work surface and surrounding
area
Log audit results and any resulting corrective action

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Operator’s/Support Personnel’s
Responsibilities
Wear 2 approved ESD shoe-straps or ESD shoes as required.
Inspect, test, and log daily
Wear an ESD wrist-strap as required. Ground the wrist-strap at
the workstation. Inspect, test, and log daily
Wear smocks whenever in an ESD control area. Ensure that
sleeves and other parts of personal clothing do not contact ESD
sensitive devices or assemblies
-

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Keep the area free of static generating material. Static generating
material includes paper, plastic, styrofoam, synthetic clothing, etc.
Before handling ESDS parts or assemblies at an ESD workstation,
conduct a visual inspection of the station to verify all ground wires and
snaps are connected
Operator’s/Support Personnel’s
Responsibilities

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Visitor’s/Sponsor’s Responsibilities
The Sponsor ensures that visitors are provided with all required
ESD protective equipment when accessing ESD control areas
The Sponsor ensures that the ESD protective equipment is worn
properly and tested
The Sponsor ensures that visitors comply with current ESD
practices and procedures when in an ESD-sensitive area
At the conclusion of the visit, the sponsor collects the reusable
ESD protective equipment that was issued

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BREAK

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Practical Training – Part 1
Hands-on Demonstration
 Put on Heel Straps
 Put on Wrist Strap
 Test Heel and Wrist Straps
 Completing Heel/Wrist Strap Tester log

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Hands-on Demonstration
Every student should be given the opportunity to;
 Put on a pair of heel straps
 Put on a wrist strap
 Test their heel and wrist straps
 After their heel and wrist straps pass, complete a log sheet

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Put on Heel Straps
(1) Place the heel strap on
the shoe so that the inside
lining is making contact
with the shoe.
(3) Fasten Velcro straps together,
securing heel strap firmly on shoe.

(2) Insert the contact strip inside
the shoe and under the foot.
Make sure that solid contact is
made between the stocking foot
and contact strip.

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Put on Wrist Strap
(1) Open the clamp and loosen the strap.
To Adjust Strap
(2) Slip band on wrist.
(3) Pull loose end until band is snug. It may help
to gain leverage by pressing the band against your
body.
(4) Close clamp cover.
The wrist strap must fit snugly against the wrist.

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Test Heel & Wrist Straps
Test each Heel and Wrist Strap separately
Ensure you get a GREEN/OK/PASS light on
each
If don’t get a pass, inspect strap, check
connection, and/or use ESD lotion on skin
If you can’t get a pass, replace the bad
strap

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Complete the log sheet
Must be tested and logged daily
Mark day(s) not worked, don’t leave blank
 Example: Use ‘NW’ for Not Work on
days out, do NOT check it off as pass

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Practical Training – Part 2
Perform an Audit
Each Student is given an abbreviated ESD audit checklist
Depending on the class size, individually, or in small groups,
take about 10 minutes to audit an ESD Control Area
When you return to the classroom, each student or group will
share their results with the class.

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Questions and Answers
How can ESD negatively affect our business?
What are some of your responsibilities to ensure that we
have good ESD controls?
What questions do you have about ESD or our ESD
program?

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Assessment
Please take a few minutes to
answer some questions about
ESD and our ESD program.

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Assessment Review
1. What is Electrostatic Discharge (ESD)?
a. 
    
The electrical energy created by a power supply that can destroy components
b. 
    
The energy created when discharging a capacitor that can destroy components
c. 
    
The discharged digital electrical charge that when discharged can destroy components
d. 
    
The electrostatic charge created when rubbing or separating two materials that can destroy
components
2. 
    
For ESD control, when MUST a smock be worn?
a. 
    
All of the time c. Whenever in an ESD control area
b. 
    
Anytime you’re in the buildingd. In the office area
3. 
    
How are ESD Control Areas identified?
a. 
    
An ESD Control Area sign c. By your supervisor
b. 
    
With red tape on the floor d. By the customers
4. 
    
How often MUST heel and wrist straps be tested and logged?
a. 
    
Weekly c. Daily
b. 
    
2X per dayd. Monthly
5.  
 What is the most effective way of keeping a person grounded?
a. A wrist strap. b. Touching a dissipative mat.
c. Wearing all cotton clothing. d. Touching insulator.

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6. What does ESDS (Electrostatic Discharge Sensitive) and the symbol mean?
a. The parts can be damaged by electrostatic
charges
b. 
    
The parts create electrostatic dischargesc. These parts should be put in plastic bags
7. When moving ESDS parts or assemblies inside an ESD control area, which of the following would you
NOT use?
a. 
    
Static shielding container c. Grounded movable rack
b. 
    
Just carry them in you hands d. Conductive container or board carrier
8.Which is the incorrect statement about ESD-protective garments?
a. Sleeves must be worn at full length. b. The cuffs should contact the skin.
C. Top two buttons or snaps have to open.
9. 
    
Which of the following should NOT be on an ESD workbench?
a. 
    
Paper and non-ESD plastic sleeves c. Personal items – purse, sweater, brush, lunch
box
b. 
    
Non-ESD plastic containers d. All of these
10. 
  
When completing the ESD test log, what should you mark for the days you are out?
a. 
    
Nothing c. Check it off as passed
b. 
    
NW for Not Worked d. Not Tested
Assessment Review

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Assessment Review
BONUS QUESTION
Which of the following should you do to help the ESD controls at our site?
a.
      Test and log your heel and wrist strap daily
b.
      Check your work bench for proper grounding when beginning work
c.
      Always look for ESD violations, everyone be an auditor
d.
      Move ESDS components and assemblies in the proper containers
e.
      All of the above

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 ESD Roles and Responsibilities
 ESD Control Program Plan
 ESD Audit Plan
 ESD Training Requirements
 ESD Record Retention
ESD for Management

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Site ESD Coordinator’s Responsibilities
Responsible for ESD problem resolution, ESD compliance audits
and consultancy
Recommended quarterly audits or ensures that the ESD system is
included as part of the ISO/QS audits
Log audit results and any resulting corrective action
Train and verify competency of those who deliver ESD training.
Maintain a list of Area ESD Representatives

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Supervisor’s Responsibilities
Ensure that Operators are issued the required ESD
protective equipment
Replace worn or damaged equipment promptly
Verify that Operators are performing the daily checks
and follow all ESD practices specified
Establish and maintain the ESD log book and approve
the weekly log sheets
Perform Area ESD audits
Repeat offenders of the ESD control system should be
subject to disciplinary action

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Management’s Responsibilities
Appoint an ESD Coordinator who is competent in ESD
theory and practice
Implement a DISCIPLINED ESD program
Read and understand CORQA-10-021954 and the site’s ESD
procedure
Walk-the-talk

Follow ALL ESD rules when in ESD Control Areas
Set the expectation for all of your employees
Zero tolerance for ESD violations

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Management’s Responsibilities
Ensure ESD Audit schedules and Training requirements are
followed
Review ESD audit results on a monthly and quarterly basis
Ensure effective corrective actions are being taken
Take ESD VERY SERIOUS, our customers do!
It affects our Customer Satisfaction Index (CSI)
It affects the profitability of our business in hidden ways

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ESD Control Program Plan
Any area where unprotected ESD sensitive parts and
assemblies may be handled shall be designated an ESD
Control Area, and must meet the following requirements;
The area is free from non-essential static generators, and the risk
from process-essential static generators is minimized
There is a system in place to ensure that all personnel may be
effectively grounded, & there is a tester nearby to verify that the
grounding equipment is working properly
Everyone (including visitors) inside the area wears a smock
All movable carts, racks, etc. are grounded
The area is labeled as an ESD control area, and the boundaries are
clearly marked

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ESD Control Program Plan (continued)
Shelves are grounded
A static dissipative floor is present if heel straps, conductive shoes,
or carts are grounded to the floor
The area is subjected to monthly audits against the ESD procedure
All work surfaces are grounded and static dissipative, and their
grounding is verified monthly
Food, beverages and lunch boxes – examples of all ESD
generating material – are not allowed in ESD control areas
When possible, relative humidity shall be maintained to a minimum
of 40% and temperature between 18ºC and 27ºC, for ESD control
areas

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Content
Impact
Type of Damages on electronic devices.

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ESD - Cause on Electronics Damages
Latent Defect
Failure normally couldn’t be detected at assembly
process
But the quality of the device may be partially degraded
The life span of the component is reduce dramatically
Example : VCR stop recording after a minute.
Catastrophic Failures
Failure could be detected at manufacturing
process
Component of such are badly destroy and have
caused a metal melt,junction breakdown or oxide
failure
Example : VCR can’t perform recording.
ESD - Cause on Electronics Damages

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Content
Preventing and controlling
Basic prevent techniques
Grounding
Ionizer
Shielding
Packaging
Smock
Humidity

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Prevention & Controlling
Now all of us know about ESD and how harmful it can be during daily
manufacturing process involving Human and Automation
There are various techniques to minimizes and control ESD from
happening.
The basic and most common used techniques are;
- Grounding
- Ionization
- Shielding
- Humidification
We should develop the
same attitude about ESD

Control ESD

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Prevention & Controlling
Grounding
Is to provide a path for static charge to drain.
All item must be grounded at the same location to avoid different potential.
As different potential contributed to more and frequent ESD event.
Item which are related with grounding:-
- Wrist strap ( personnel grounding )
- Workstation grounding
- Equipment and Machine Grounding

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Prevention & Controlling
Wrist strap / Heel strap
Wrist strap are the primary means of controlling static charges on a Human.
Wrist strap is constantly contact with bare skin and it is contact to ground to
drain off static charges from human body.
Wrist straps are required to be worn by person who handles ESD sensitive
devices.
Wrist strap can be worn at either Hand during handling sensitive item.
The problem when wearing wrist strap is the contact point of skin and wrist
strap.

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Prevention & ControllingWorkstation grounding
Work surface where Electrostatic sensitive device is being handled must be
properly grounded to the common grounding point.
Each work station must have a separate grounding point. [ connecting one
work surface ground to another is not recommended ]
The use of a 1M ohm resister in series during grounding is recommended
due to safety reason . [ Some standard do not require this ]
Static dissipative
tabletop
Grounding
Point
Resistance
1 Mohm
Wrist strap
grounding point

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Prevention & ControllingEquipment and Machine Grounding
Equipment and machine used to handle ESDS item should be grounded to
the equipment grounding point.
All Machine must be grounded to the main ground. The Ground
measurement of machine respective to ground must be less than 1 ohm.
The requirement for 1 ohm is to make sure the Machine are grounded and
second to prevent damages during short-circuit.
Machine or Equipment that are not grounded will cause CDM event.
Remember to chose the right Tools and equipment , look for the ESD sign
on them.

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Prevention & Controlling
Ionization
Ionizer are used to neutralize insulative material or any surface which
having highly charge or chargeable.
Which are not possible to be grounded.
An Ionizer not just blowing normal air but producing air which contain
negative and positive ions.
The charged material which are lacking of electron or proton will take the
required amount of electron or proton to be equally balanced.

Balanced body will be neutralized as zero potential.
Negative power
supply
and emitter
Positive power
supply
and emitter

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Prevention & Controlling
Shielding
Shielding is a method of isolating two different body.
It prevent electrostatic field from being induced or discharged to the device
or from the device.
When shielding is applied there should be a ground part for the charge to
flow.
The basic and most common used way of shielding are:
- Packaging
- Smock

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Prevention & Controlling
Packaging
Packaging are related with Faraday Cage.
Any electrostatic field will only resided on its exterior and had no influence
on anything enclosed within it.
There are three types of packaging material such as Anti static, Static
dissipative and Metalized.
The very important point to be remembered is that packaging should
provide protection from outside fields and discharge.
Choosing the right packaging for the right usage is important .

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Prevention & ControllingSmock
Smock are wore over clothing to Prevent static field from inducing to
sensitive device.
Smock made of a static dissipative material that slows ESD to give it time to
be discharged to ground through the ground wire or wrist strap.
The effectiveness of the smock will depend on the conductive fibres
interwoven in striped , diamond or checked pattern.
Smock should be wore properly and contact should be establish at either
two location wrist or the neck . This will cause compressed field to be
dissipated through the wrist strap when connected to ground.

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Prevention & Controlling
Smock must be wore
properly to prevent
static field from inner
Clothing.
Proper wearing of
smock.
Contact point

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Prevention & ControllingHumidity
Humidity contains water vapor in the air which reduce the charge
generation.
As the presence of moisture in the air is increased, electrons are better able
to discharge safely into the air instead of another object.
It also makes some surface to be become conductive due to moisture
observation [exp : cold countries have higher concern on paper charging
compare to Hot countries]
As humidity goes higher lower the charge and as lower the humidity higher
the charge .
The recommended humidity range by ANSI is 40% to 60% RH .

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ESD Audit Plan
FREQUENCY ACTION RECORDS
Daily 
Check wrist straps, heel straps, and conductive
shoes

Pass/Fail log
Weekly
(or as determined by Engr.)

Check effectiveness of topical antistat treatments

Log of measured values
Monthly 
ESD self-audit

Checklist and written verification of corrective
action(s)

Clean and test ionizers

Preventive maintenance (PM) log

Perform functional check of wrist/heel strap testers

Preventive maintenance log or self-audit
checklist/record

Verify workstation and table grounding

Logs
Annual or
Semiannual

Calibrate wrist/footwear tester

Maintain records per site calibration procedure

Calibrate auditing equipment

Maintain records per site calibration procedure

ESD review training

Attendance records

Course test results, if applicable

Audit smocks

Log of test results and corrective actions

Audit by corporate/site coordinator (3
rd
Party
Audits)

Checklist and written verification of corrective
action(s)

Reference CORQA-10-021954

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ESD Audit Checklist
CORQA-15-100037 – Corporate ESD Audit Checklist
Checklist Scoring
The ESD checklist spreadsheet is set up to automatically calculate
the final score and highlight when action is required
ScoreCompliance Level Action
0 No Plan, Procedure or compliance level is
<= 80%
Initiate Formal Corrective Action
0.5 If compliance is between 80% to 90% Revise Plan, procedure or
conduct awareness training
1 If compliance is >90% None
N/a Where no site specific requirements apply-

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ESD Training Requirements
In facilities that have an ESD Control Area
All employees are required to complete ESD training BEFORE allowed
access to ESD Control Areas
All Management responsible for an ESD Control area
Must receive the initial training, including the management section
All employees and managers who handle ESDS parts/
assemblies or who work in ESD Control Areas
Yearly ESD refresher training is recommended
If an Audit falls below 80%
Employees in the area with the violations must receive ESD refresher
training
The ESD non-compliances identified should be part of the training
process

64. ESD
64
ESD Record Retention
 Training Records
Initial training and, if annual refresher training is required, records must be
retained and readily accessible for audit purposes
 Audit Records
Must be retained and readily accessible for audit purposes
All corrective actions must be documented, retained and readily
accessible for audit purposes

65. ESD
65
Management Assessment
Please take a few minutes to
answer some questions about
ESD and our ESD program.

66. ESD
66
Management Assessment Review
1.How many ESD Representative MUST be designated and their name posted at the ESD tester?
a.One per site c. Each area must have at least 1
b.Every department d. Not required
 
2.How often is ESD refresher training recommended for all employees?
a.Monthly c. Every 2 years
b.Yearly d. When hired
 
3.How often should audits be performed by the ESD representative using the corporate ESD checklist?
a.Daily c. Monthly
b.Quarterly d. Yearly
 
4.How often is it recommended that the ESD Coordinator perform an audit using the corporate ESD
checklist?
a.Quarterly c. Yearly
b.Bi-annual d. Monthly
 
5.If an audit falls below ________, retraining must be conducted for the affected area.
a.70% c. 50%
b.60% d. 80%

67. ESD
67
Management Assessment Review
6.If the score on a question during an audit is _________, a formal CAR must be issued.
a.1 c. 0
b.0.5 d. N/a
 
7.What ESD records MUST be retained for audit purposes?
a.Initial and yearly refresher training only c. Audit results only
b.CARs only d. Training, Audit and
CARs
 
8.How often should Management review ESD audit results?
a.Monthly and quarterly c. Annually
b.Weekly d. Daily
 
9.What is Management’s role in an effective ESD program?
a.Leadership c. Lead by example
b.Make it a very high priority d. All of these
 
10.The major reason(s) for a very disciplined and thorough ESD control program will .......
a.Make employees happy c. Help you pass an audit
b.Retain customers and improve profitability d. Look good for management

68. ESD
68
Our Site’s ESD Program …....
Is a basic foundation for all other processes!
Will be as successful as the importance you assign it!
Can help retain customers and improve profitability!
Depends on the Management Team!