Elements of art space

A presentation about the element of Art - Space and the various ways of how it can be created in a work of art.

1. Element of Art and Design Bernard E. Richardson Master Teacher |A rt Educator ©Bernard E. Richardson| 2021 S P A C E

2. SPACE SPACE is an element of Art. It is the area that a shape or form occupies and also the area between and around objects. ©Bernard E. Richardson| 2021

3. There are two types of Space 1. POSITIVE SPACE 2. NEGATIVE SPACE ©Bernard E. Richardson| 2021 Look at this Art work, where is the Positive space and where is the Negative space?

4. POSITIVE SPACE POSITIVE SPACE is the area or space taken up by objects in the art work or design. It could be a shape, colour, lines, patterns, designs etc. The orange stool is the positive space. ©Bernard E. Richardson| 2021

5. NEGATIVE SPACE Positive space is the unused area or space left around or in between the objects in the art work or design. It is the empty space in an art work or design. The orange areas around and between the stool is the negative space. ©Bernard E. Richardson| 2021

6. Illusion of depth/distance in Space Space is all around us. It is used to create a sense of depth or distance. In any art work, this sense of depth or distance is divided into a. Fore ground b. Middle ground c. Background ©Bernard E. Richardson| 2021

7. MIDDLE GROUND : is the area in an Art work or picture that lies between the foreground and the background. BACKGROUND : is the area in an Art work or picture that is the furthest from the viewer. It is usually situated above/behind the horizon line. FORE GROUND : is the area in an Art work or picture that is closest to the viewer. ©Bernard E. Richardson| 2021

8. There are several techniques used by Artists to create the illusion of depth or distance within their art work Overlapping Shading Size Shading The element of SPACE is used to create the illusion of depth or distance 4. Placement Value and focus 6. Linear Perspective Illusion of depth/distance in Space ©Bernard E. Richardson| 2021

9. 1. OVERLAPPING: Placing objects one in front of one another to create a sense of depth. Illusion of depth/distance in Space Six ways to create the illusion of depth/distance in Space ©Bernard E. Richardson| 2021

10. Illusion of depth/distance 2. SHADING: By adding shading and shadows to two dimensional shapes, it makes them appear three dimensional. ©Bernard E. Richardson| 2021

11. Illusion of depth/distance SIZE: As the objects go back in space (far away) appear smaller (they should be drawn smaller) while objects that are close up appear bigger. ©Bernard E. Richardson| 2021

12. Illusion of depth/distance 4. PLACEMENT: Objects that are farther away are placed closer to the horizon line. ©Bernard E. Richardson| 2021

13. Illusion of depth/distance VALUE AND FOCUS : Objects appear to become lighter in colour (slightly blue-grey) and less clear the farther away they are than objects in the foreground. It is called ATMOSPHERIC PERSPECTIVE and also AERIAL PERSPECTIVE. ©Bernard E. Richardson| 2021

14. Illusion of depth/distance 6. LINEAR PERSPECTIVE : Depth can be created through the use of one vanishing point (one point perspective). ©Bernard E. Richardson| 2021

15. ©Bernard E. Richardson| 2021 In Summary… Positive space is the area that a shape of form occupies . Negative space is the area in between and around the objects. In any picture space is divided into three areas: foreground, middle ground and background. To create the illusion of space: i . Objects closer to the viewer are drawn larger while smaller objects are drawn further away. ii. Objects that are in the foreground are lower in the picture plane and drawn bigger. iii. Objects which are brighter in colour appears to be closer.

16. REFERENCES Ricks, Kathleen. Monochromatic Atmospheric Perspective (5th), https://www.blendspace.com/lessons/DeXUCUX7P2y7EQ/monochromatic- atmospheric-perspective-5th 11 November 2021 Tropic Drawing. 2019. The Positive and Negative Spaces in Art. https://www.tropicdrawing.com/the-positive-and-negative-spaces-in-art/11 November 2021 ©Bernard E. Richardson| 2021