Elements to be observed in planting trees and fruit bearing trees.pptx

ICT

1. Elements to be observed in planting trees and fruit bearing trees

2. Planting, just like cooking, requires systematic way of doing things. It requires a step-by-step procedure on how to select and prepare the soil, the seedlings, the tools, and the location for planting. With these requirements, all that is needed is a thorough knowledge and skill on how to do the planting process and the manner on how plants are to be taken care of.

3. Elements to be observed in planting trees and fruit bearing trees   Proper Care of Plants and Soil 1. Choose the best place for planting.   Trees and fruit trees require more space for growth than ornamental plants or crops. This is because trees and fruit trees grow tall and wide . There are trees that roots that expand sideward and those that move downward.

4. 2. Choose the seeds that best suit the season and the soil.   This means that the seeds come from a good quality mother and the seeds are healthy, mature, with no blemishes or cuts, and of the right size and form. Seeds must be prepared before planting. Planting should be done preferably during the rainy season. The soil must be suited to the type of seeds to be planted.

5. 3. Put sufficient fertilizers in the soil.   It is advisable to prepare the soil before planting. This means cleaning the soil and its surrounding area and mixing the soil with organic fertilizers. Organic fertilizers are safe and economical to use, while inorganic or commercial fertilizers have to be regulated because overuse can poison the soil . Remember, plants need nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium to grow and to make them resistant to pests and diseases.

6. 4. Take care of the soil and the plants regularly.   Caring for the young trees means removing the grass and weeds around them so they do not compete in getting the nutrients from the soil. Keep the soil always moist and this is no problem during the rainy season. However, during the dry months, there is aneed to water them regularly. Watering is done during sunrise or after sunset to keep the evaporation of water from the soil slow. Make a ring of cultivation around the young tree with the size matching the circumference of the crown of the tree.

7. B. Methods of Planting   Different trees are cultivated in different ways. There are two ways of planting: direct and indirect . Direct planting is a method of planting where the seeds or parts of a plant are directly planted in the soil where it will germinate and grow into full-grown trees. The use of high quality seeds results in high productivity. High quality seeds have a high percentage of germination and correct moisture content and are free from seed pests, diseases, and other physical impurities. They should come from atree with a uniform height and heading, a characteristic known as varietal purity. To maintain high quality seeds, the following steps are recommended: Remove off-type, diseased, and damaged seeds. Label seeds properly. Select and preserve only mature seeds and dry them under the sun until proper moisture is attained.

8. C. Preparing Seeds for Planting   There are different ways of preparing seeds. One way is by placing the seeds under the sun before planting. One example of this is the ipil-ipil tree. Some seeds like the mango have to be removed from their hard shells before planting. Seeds like santol need to be dried before planted in the soil. There are also seeds that need to be soaked in water before planting, like the seeds of ipil-ipil . Seeds of avocado are planted as is with the bigger end of the seed below the soil surface.

9. D. Seed Germination   Seeds need moisture, warmth, oxygen, and, in some instances, sunlight in order to germinate. Small seeds are sown in a seed box before setting them out in the field. Seeds can also be germinated in small plastic trays, pots, and other relatively small containers filled with soil medium recommended for seed propagation. The bottom of the seed boxes should have tiny holes to allow drainage. Sow the seeds evenly in rows and cover them with loose soil then press the soil gently. If you will plant trees, the space should be 10 meters in distance depending on the size of the tree.

10. E. Preparation of Seedlings Before Transplanting   Mortality is high during transplanting if the seedlings are not given proper care. To ensure a higher rate of survival, the following processes are needed:   Thinning – There are times when more seeds are sown than necessary. To produce strong plants, pull out some crowded seedlings so that the remaining plants will have more room. Thinning accelerates the circulation of air and provides a greater feeding area for seedlings to make them sturdier and healthier.   Pricking – This is done by transferring seedlings from one seed box to another to provide more space for proper development. Water the seedlings before pricking.   Hardening – This process is done 7 to 15 days before transplanting. The purpose is to make the tissue of the plants harder in order to survive the rigors of transplanting. The water intake of the plant is gradually decreased and the seedling is exposed to sunlight for a longer period of time.

11. F. Indirect Planting   In indirect planting, the plant needs to be transferred to its permanent place. This is commonly done with trees. Nowadays, you can avail seedlings planted in small plastic bags, ready for transfer.

12. Follow the general steps in the proper transferring of plants: 1. Place the seedlings away from direct sunlight. Make sure the seedlings are healthy and fresh before planting.  

13. 2. Dig the area where you want to plant them. The length and depth of the hole should be according to how big the tree will become. Leave two inches allowance in the length and depth of the hole to allow the new roots to breath. For big trees like santol , mango, or acasia , the hole is one meter wide, one meter deep, and one meter long. For small trees like atis , chico , avocado, and kasoy , the hole should measure 20 inches deep, 20 inches wide, and 20 inches long.

14. 3. Remove the plant from the plastic bag. Do not remove the soil which holds the roots.

15. 4. Slowly and carefully place the seedlings in the hole. Make sure the main roots are not bent.

16. 5. Cover it with soil. Lightly press the soil.

17. 6. Water the new plant early the next morning. Use a water sprinkler. It is important to water the soil that surrounds the plant.

18. 7. Remember : Plant your seedlings in the afternoon when sunlight is no longer hot to avoid withering.

19. LET’S REMEMBER   It is necessary to observe the elements in planting trees and fruit bearing trees in order to have bountiful harvest.

20. LET’S DO TOGETHER   Fill in the blanks with the correct answer. _______ is the amount of space between two trees when planted. _______ is the number of days before watering the plants that have been newly planted. _______ is the time of the day when planting is ideal. _______ is the way wherein the seeds of the plant or part of the plant are planted directly i nto the soil. _______ is the amount of space allotted between two tree seedlings when planted.   distance Early next morning Afternoon when sunlight is no longer hot Direct planting 10 meters

21. Draw a happy face on practices that are good and sad face on practices that are not good.   ___________I join community projects like planting. ___________I wear the appropriate working clothes when planting. ___________Choose good quality seeds coming from a good quality mother . ___________Plant all types with equal distances from one another. ___________I prefer to use organic fertilizer as it is safe and economical. ___________Keep the soil moist around young trees by watering them early morning or late afternoon. ___________Spray insecticide often to avoid insect infestation. ___________Indirect planting is a better method than direct planting because germination is easier in boxes or plastic bags. ___________Study the type of tree and the kind of soil it needs before planting ___________Be scientific in planting by knowing the needs of plants and how to take care of them .