empiricsm, ratinalism, and behaviorism theory

Emoiricism, rationalism, and behaviorism

1. EMPIRICISM, RATIONALISM,
AND BEHAVIOURISM

2. AIMS
•TO DISCUSS VIEWS OF MENTALIST & BEHAVIOURISM
•TO DISCUSS CHOMSKY’S UNDERLYING KNOWLEDGE

3. MENTALISM & BEHAVIOURISM
•MENTALISM; ONEHASMINDANDBODYWHICHAREINTERDEPNDENT
mind
stimuli
world
respons
e

4. •HOWEVER, MINDSOMETIMESACTSNATURALLY(WITHOUTAFFECTINGBY
OTHERS) FREE WILL
•THISENABLESONETORECOGNISENONSENSICALSENTENCES, EG;
•THEIDEAOFSQUAREISPURPLE
•HAPPINESSWEIGHSTHREEGRAMS

5. •ALLMENTALISTSBELIEVETHATMINDEXISTS
•MINDINCLUDESIDEASANDKNOWLEDGE
•HOWEVER, THEYHAVEDIFFERENTVIEWSONHOWTHEIDEASAREEMBODIEDIN
MIND(NEXTSLIDE)

6. EMPIRICISM VS RATIONALISM

7. RATIONALISM
TRADITIONALRATIONALIST;
•PLATO(4THCENTURYBC)
•DESCARTES(1641)
CLAIM: EXPERIENCESEQUIPPEDWITHREASONSMANIPULATESINNER/UNDERLYING
KNOWLEDGE TOBECOMEAPPLICABLEKNOWLEDGE

8. MODERNRATIONALISTS
•CHOMSKY(1967)
•BEVER(1970)
CHOMSKY: MINDHASSOMEFACULTIESOFKNOWLEDGE ANDNEEDSOME
RELEVANTEXPERIENCESWITHCERTAINFACULTIESTOMANIPULATETHE
INNER/UNDERLYINGKNOWLEDGE TOBECOMEAPPLICABLEKNOWLEDGE

9. •BEVER: INMINDTHEREISANINNER/UNDERLYINGKNOWLEDGE STRUCTURESOF
ACOMMON COGNITIONWHICHAREAPPLICABLETOALLKINDOF
KNOWLEDGE
•SO, ALLAGREETHATINMINDTHEREISCERTAINUNDERLYINGKNOWLEDGE

10. EMPIRICISM
•INCONTRAST, EMPIRICISMCLAIMSTHATNOIDEASWHICHAREAKNOWLEDGE
INTERNALISEDINMIND.
•THUS, THEYREFUSETHEUNDERLYINGCONCEPT
•EG; PUTNAM(1967); INMAN’SMINDTHEREISACOMMON INTELLEGENCE
CALLED“ A COMMON MULTIFUNCTIONALLEARNINGSTRATEGY”
•DIVIDEDINTOTWO; PARTICULARISTSANDUNIVERSALISTS

11. PARTICULARISTS& UNIVERSALISTS
•PARTICULARISTS, JAMESMILL(1829); ‘GENERALIDEASAREABSTRACT, AS
SUCHTHEYDONOTEXIST”, EG. ‘DOG’ REFERSTOPARTICULARDOG.
•UNIVERSALISTS, JOHNLOCKE(1690); “APARTFROMAPARTICULARIDEA,
THEREISALSOAGENERALONE”, EG. ‘DOG’ REFERSTOALLKINDOFDOGS
•HOWEVER, THISWASREFUSEDBYPARTICULARISTBYARGUINGTHATIFADOG
HASNOSEANDEYES, WOULDALLFORMSOFNOSEANDTHECOLOUROFEYES
INCLUDEALLFORMSOFNOSEANDTHECOLOUROFEYESINTHEWORLD?

12. WIIL BE CONTINUED NEXT
WEEK