Endodontic hand files

endodontic hand files like k-files k-flex

1. Presented by-
HEMAM SHANKAR SINGH

2. uk Wn =

Introduction

Standardization of endodontic instruments
Classification

Hand operated files

Conclusion

3. Endodontic hand files are manually operated endodontic
instruments used for cleaning and shaping of root canals in root
canal therapy or any other endodontic procedures.

At one time, root canal instruments were made according to
the whim of manufacturers, with no definite specifications
regarding diameter, taper, or length of the cutting blades.

Ingle and LeVine, were the first to suggest a definite
increment in diameter as the size progressed while maintaining a
constant taper of all blades regardless of size.

4. 1.

NUMBER:

i. instruments should be numbered from 10-100

numbers to advance by 5 units from 10-60 size

numbers to advance by 10 units from 60-100 size

In a revised number, it includes 6-140 where numbers are advance by 2
units from 6-10

DIAMETER:

each numbers shall be representative of diameter of instrument in hundredths
of a millimeter at the tip.

Eg. No. 10 is 10/100 or 0.1 mm at the tip

5. WORKING BLADE:

Shall begin at the tip, designated as D, , shall extend exactly 16mm up the
shaft, terminating at designated site D,,

D, AND D,;:
D,, diameter shall be 32/100 or 0.32 mm greater than that of D,

TIP ANGLE:
Shall be 75+15°

HANDLE COLOUR: o
Instrument handles are color coded for easier recognition

6. Standardization of endodontic instruments:

7. Significant changes:
+ Stainless steel and nickel-titanium root canal instruments have
replaced carbon steel instruments because they are
+ more flexible
+ Less likely to fracture
+ Less susceptible to corrosion
« Small instruments are manufactured from square blanks
+ Are more resistant to torque fractures
+ Large instruments from triangular blocks
+ To improve their cutting efficiency

8. Standardization of endodontic instruments

Gray 8 0.08 0.40
Purple 10 0.10 0.42
White 15 0.15 0.47
Yellow 20 0.20 0.52

Red 2 0.25 0.57

Blue 30 0.30 0.62
Green 35 0.35 0.67

Black 40 0.40 0.72

9. Standardization of endodontic instruments:

10. Standardization of endodontic instruments:

ee

White rn 90 TS 2
Yellow 1.00 1.32

Red 110 1.10 1.42

Blue 120 1.20 1.52

— Green 130 1.30 1.62
| Black 140 1.40 1.72

White 150 1.50 1.82

11. General classification of endodontic instruments:

+ Group I: Hand-operated endodontic instruments
+ Broaches
+ Files
+ Reamers

+ Group Il: Non-rotary endodontic instruments used with a handpiece
+ Engine driven instruments
+ Ultrasonic and sonic instruments

+ Group Ill: Rotary endodontic instruments used with a handpiece

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12. Some of the hand operated files are
K-type files

K-flex files

Flex-R file
Hedstroem/H-files

Safety Hedstroem

Hyflex file

Unifiles

S-files

Nm ee

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13. K-type files
+ In early 1990’s, Kerr Manufacturing
company
« Used with rasping or pulling motion
* Traditional files are square in cross
section

+ Have tighter flutes compare to
reamers which have looser flutes

+ Files have more numbers of flute
than reamer

14. -flex files Flex-R file

« Modification of K-file + Modification of K-file

+ Rhomboidal or diamond shaped + Cutting tip angles are reduced

«Increases flexibility and cutting «lt makes the file stayed more
efficiency centered within the canal

+ Rhomboidal blanks produce
alternating high and low flutes

15. Hedstroem/H-files
+ Round stainless steel wire

+ Have higher cutting efficiency than K-files (more +ve
rake angle)

* Should employ only in one direction, (retraction) and
never torqueing

+ “Tear drop” cross section

16. Safety Hedstroem
+ Modification of Hedstroem
+ With non cutting side

ersten

+ Round stainless steel wire with
cut out superficial grooves to
produce flutes in a double-helix
design

+ Less subjected to fracture but
are less effective

Hyflex files
+ Cross section represents “S”
shaped

S-file

+ Double helix cross section and is
a variation of Unifiles

17. Hand operated endodontic files may be time

consuming but it is wise to use hand files as well
because of good tactile sensation required during
the cleaning and shaping of root canal. It also
reduces the excessive widening of root canal that

might weaken the tooth.