Energy Auditing and Management Basics slide

This slides aims to impart knowledge for the learners about different energy conservation schemes, various energies like thermal and electrical energy applications in Domestic, industrial and commercial load. This also analyzes the various dynamic parameters of various loads and evaluating its performance and suggests some key information to improve the efficiency in the domestic, industrial and commercial loads.

1. Energy is one of the major inputs for the economic development of any country. In the case of developing countries, energy sector assumes critical importance in the view of ever increasing energy needs, requires huge investment to meet them. Consumption of energy increasing at fast pace, in the global level 2.4% increasing every year. Out of the total primary energy, 85% is extracted from fossil fuel. Energy consumption also has a significant impact on natural environment. Most of the climate change and natural environment is effected by the human activity. The energy can be classified as Primary and Secondary energy Commercial and non commercial energy Renewable and Non-renewable energy The primary energy is expresses in terms of toe – Ton of Oil Equivalent Energy Scenario in India and World Mr.C.Anandhakumar , AP / EEE, SRIT ENERGY AUDITING AND MANAGEMENT

2. Coal exists in the forms of Peat Brown coal (Lignite) Bituminous Sub – Bituminous Anthracite Globally 892 billion tones – Reserves (Includes all types of coals) This coal will be last around 113 years. Reserves / Production: The reserves remaining at the end of the year divided by production in that year Energy in Various Forms Mr.C.Anandhakumar , AP / EEE, SRIT ENERGY AUDITING AND MANAGEMENT Global primary energy Reserves and Commercial energy production Some of the primary energy 1.Coal 2.Oil 3.Natural Gas Coal

3. Mr.C.Anandhakumar , AP / EEE, SRIT ENERGY AUDITING AND MANAGEMENT Sector wise energy consumption in India SEC ( Specific Energy Consumption ) of the major industry in India is much higher than the value specified by the global bench mark. Its mentioned in Table shown above. Integrated Energy Policy In our country power supply position are characterized by power shortages, unreliability and high(fluctuated prices) prices Consistency in policies and pricing is lacking. To over come the above issues the Integrated energy policies are enacted Energy security, environmental concern, R&D and energy conservation

4. Mr.C.Anandhakumar , AP / EEE, SRIT ENERGY AUDITING AND MANAGEMENT Energy Need for growing economy Economic growth = Energy Massive investment is required to meet out the 8.0 % GDP rate. Growth in primary energy consumption 3-4 times over current consumption Increased in installed capacity by 6-7 times. Coal requirement increased by 3 times by the current demand. Per capita energy consumption 2010-2011 = 819 KWh 2011-2012 = 884 KWh 2012-2013 = 917 KWh Global level per capita energy consumption (in KWh). Canada = 16473 USA = 13246 Japan = 7848 China = 3298 UK = 6206 Nuclear power installed capacity is increased by 20000 MWe by 2020 50000 MWe by 2030 250000 MWe by 2050

5. Mr.C.Anandhakumar , AP / EEE, SRIT ENERGY AUDITING AND MANAGEMENT Energy Intensity on Purchasing Power Parity Energy Intensity = Gross inland consumption / Gross domestic Product (GDP) EI = FC / GDP where, FC = Total Final Consumption. GDP = Gross Domestic Product. Gross inland consumption = (Domestic energy production + energy import – energy exports + net withdrawals from existing stock ). The following indicates If low energy intensity = country has right mix of industries sector. If higher energy intensity = Service sector is dominant Purchasing Power Parity 1 egg is 3 Rs = 30 yens in japan (1 Rupee = 10 Yens) This shows that GDP of japan is high compared to india But PPP equalize the values(so rates are equal but volumes are changed) It will be applicable for the power purchasing using different currencies in different countries Expressed with the unit of Kgoe /US $PPP GDP Purchasing Power Parity

6. Mr.C.Anandhakumar , AP / EEE, SRIT ENERGY AUDITING AND MANAGEMENT Electricity pricing in India In terms of PPP the power tariff of the industry and domestic is high. The average tariff on PPP is india is very high as 30.8 cents / KWh While in USA = 7.7 In Japan = 15.3 In china = 20.6 Consumer energy consumption prices are set by the State regulatory commission. Its vary for Domestic, Industrial and commercial users. Apart from the above end users, the consumption is classified as HT consumers = demand (KVA) + Energy (KWh) LT consumers = demand (KVA) Some of the subsidies Agri and some industries Availability Based tariff (ABT) Performance based tariff New system of scheduling and dispatch Rewards and Penalties Non payments – liable for appropriate action

7. Mr.C.Anandhakumar , AP / EEE, SRIT ENERGY AUDITING AND MANAGEMENT Energy Security Definition: “The continuous availability of energy in varied forms in sufficient quantities at reasonable prices” Basic objectives are: Independent on imported energy Continuous availability of power At reasonable prices Need of energy security: Population increases, so demand increases Due to increase in demand. Importing energy resources increases. For oil - Our countries oil wells are 30 years old, so yields are reducing in nature. - Oil demand increase at the rate of 5% every year. - By 2020 oil import exceeded 90% in our country - Similar to oil NG also have the impact. Strategies used to meet future energy requirements Reducing energy requirements Substituting imported oil / gas with domestic alternatives Diversifying energy supply source Expanding energy resources and developing alternative energy sources.

8. Mr.C.Anandhakumar , AP / EEE, SRIT ENERGY AUDITING AND MANAGEMENT 6/14/2024 Strategies used to meet future energy requirements Reducing energy requirements Improving the efficiency of the extraction of fossil fuel Implementing new technologies in coal fired power plants. Adopting demand side management. Promotion of public / private transportation in urban areas. Developing RES like wind an solar. Substituting imported oil / gas with domestic alternatives Ethanol / Bio fuel as substitute for petrol / Diesel Bio-mass as substitute of gas / Coal Coal to oil Diversifying energy supply source Mix of fuel comprising of coal, gas, nuclear, hydro and renewable with no dependence on any particular fuel. Sourcing of oil / LNG from different countries Expanding energy resources and developing alternative energy sources. IOR(Improved oil Recovery) and EOR (Enhanced Oil Recovery) for improving exploitation of reserves. Capturing coal bed methane (CBM) which escapes during coal mining. Promoting community biogas plants Energy plantations New domestic sources Conversion of coal to oil and oil to gas

9. Mr.C.Anandhakumar , AP / EEE, SRIT ENERGY AUDITING AND MANAGEMENT Energy Conservation and Its importance Energy Conservation: Energy Conservation is achieved when reducing the growth in energy consumption Energy Conservation results in several process or developments such as productivity increases and new technology implemented. Energy efficiency: Energy consumption is reduced and its achieved by without affecting output, consumption or comfort levels. Eg : Instead of using Incandescent lamp we use LED Benefits of energy efficiency

10. Mr.C.Anandhakumar , AP / EEE, SRIT ENERGY AUDITING AND MANAGEMENT Energy Conservation Act 2001 and Related Policies Energy Conservation Act: Enacted in 2001 in India To provide legal Frame work and Institutional arrangements for enhancing energy efficiency. This Act lead to create BEE (Bureau of Energy Efficiency) – Nodal agency at the central level SDA (State Designated Agencies) – State level Amended in 2010: Some of the key definition: Building: Any structure or Creation or part of structure or erection after the rules related to energy conservation building codes been notified. Connected load 100 KW Contract demand of 120 KVA used for commercial purpose Designated Agency: Agency which coordinates, regulates and enforce provisions of this act within the state. Designated Consumers: Any user or class of users of energy in a energy intensive industries and other establishments specified in the schedule. Introduction

11. Mr.C.Anandhakumar , AP / EEE, SRIT ENERGY AUDITING AND MANAGEMENT Energy Conservation Act 2001 and Related Policies Energy Energy Conservation Building Codes: Norms and standards of energy consumption expressed in terms of per square meter of the area and where in energy is used and includes the location. Energy Audit Verifications, monitoring and analysis of use of energy including submission of report and give valid suggestions to improve the energy efficiency with cost benefit analysis. Energy Consumption Standards Energy Saving Certificate Certificate issued to the designated consumers Equipment or Appliances Various EC act Chapter IV of EC Act – Powers and functions of Bureau Chapter V of EC Act – Power of central Government to facilitate and enforce efficient use of Energy and its conservations. Chapter VI of EC Act - Power of State Government to facilitate and enforce efficient use of Energy and its conservations. Chapter VIII of EC Act – Penalties and Adjudication

12. Mr.C.Anandhakumar , AP / EEE, SRIT ENERGY AUDITING AND MANAGEMENT Energy Conservation Act 2001 and Related Policies Role of State Designated Agencies (SDA): State government have been empowered to designate agencies Before implement any rules and policies need to consult with BEE. SDA will have the responsibility to implement the Act within the state. Responsibilities: Spread awareness on EC act Undertake voluntary initiatives to promote energy conservation. Staff employed for build the capacity Launch and maintain the state website Undertake EC awareness program for consumers, industrial, commercial, school children and framers. Arrange interactive meet between energy managers, energy auditors, designated consumers and other experts Duties : Prepare a list of designated customers Compile information received from designated consumers through annual statements on energy consumption, energy audit reports and action taken on the report. Prepare a database for state and sector level Create awareness and disseminate the information related to energy conservation. Arrange training progrmme . Encourage the use of efficient equipment.

13. Mr.C.Anandhakumar , AP / EEE, SRIT ENERGY AUDITING AND MANAGEMENT Schemes of BEE under the EC act - 2001 Role of state Designated Agencies: ECBC – Energy Conservation Building codes S&L – Standards and Labeling. DSM – Demand Side Management. BLY – Bachat Lamp Yojana SME – Promoting Energy efficiency in Small and Medium Enterprises. Designated Consumers Certification of Energy auditors and Energy Managers. ECBC – Energy Conservation Building codes : Its developed to deal with rapidly increasing energy. It sets minimum energy efficiency standards for design and construction of commercial building. It encourages efficient design and retrofit of buildings so that Building function, Comfort, healthiness and productivity of the occupants Life cycle costs (construction and energy cost are minimized) Defined the norms of energy requirement per.Sq.metre area Consider about climatic region regarding to location State and central government can prescribe energy conservation building codes to suit regional and local climatic condition. Owners and occupiers to comply with energy consumption norms.

14. Mr.C.Anandhakumar , AP / EEE, SRIT ENERGY AUDITING AND MANAGEMENT Schemes of BEE under the EC act – 2001 Conti… S & L: (Standard and Labeling) There is wide variation in energy consumption of similar products by various manufactures. In products there will be no energy conservation related information. This leads to continued manufacturer and purchase of inefficient equipment's and appliances. The main provisions of S&L are: Information about choice of energy savings Recommended to the central government, the norms for processes and energy consumption. Defined the norms of energy requirement per.Sq.metre area Consider about climatic region regarding to location State and central government can prescribe energy conservation building codes to suit regional and local climatic condition. Owners and occupiers to comply with energy consumption norms. Spread information related to the star rating among the customers. Prevent manufacture, sale and import of such equipment's, which doesn’t Comply with notified standards.

15. Mr.C.Anandhakumar , AP / EEE, SRIT ENERGY AUDITING AND MANAGEMENT Schemes of BEE under the EC act – 2001 Conti… Standard: Energy efficiency standards are procedures and regulations prescribing the energy performance of manufactured or commercially sold products. In general the standard encompasses two possible meaning. Well defined test protocols – to compare with other products. Target limits on energy performance. Labels: Its is informative labels affixed to manufactured products to describe the products energy performance. The labels are classified as Comparative label – useful to the customer to compare with various model Endorsement label – Define a group of products as efficient when they meet minimum energy performance. MEPS (Minimum Energy performance standards): It provides information related to minimum efficiency or Maximum consumption. That could be achieved by the manufacturer in each product It no need to have the design and technology related information. MEPS will be reviewed and upgraded priodically

16. Mr.C.Anandhakumar , AP / EEE, SRIT ENERGY AUDITING AND MANAGEMENT Schemes of BEE under the EC act – 2001 Conti… Star Rating: It’s a ranking system based on energy efficiency declared by the manufacturer Depending on the performance the Ratings are scaled from 1 star to 5 star Star 1 means least energy efficiency Star 5 means highest energy efficiency. Label Period: No validity is mention. Appliances / Equipment's covered under S & L Program: In the 11 th plan S&L programme has been expanded to 18 equipment out of which 4 equipment's are introduced for Mandatory S&L scheme from 7 th jan 2010. Mandatory S&L scheme appliances

17. Mr.C.Anandhakumar , AP / EEE, SRIT ENERGY AUDITING AND MANAGEMENT Schemes of BEE under the EC act – 2001 Conti… Comparison: Some other appliances

18. Mr.C.Anandhakumar , AP / EEE, SRIT ENERGY AUDITING AND MANAGEMENT Schemes of BEE under the EC act – 2001 Conti… DSM: (Demand Side Management) Managing demand of the power by utilities (Distribution companies) to meet all customers current and future needs. It results in energy demand reduction. In DSM Demand can be shifted from peak to off peak – It reduces the expensive imported power during peak hours Enable the customer to manage their load curves. Potential energy saving through this DSM is equivalent to install a new plant. DSM reduces the capital needs DSM action taken By replacing old pumpset to star rated pumpset 40% energy can be saved. BEE prepared agricultral DSM This pump replacement can be done with ESCOs ( Energy Service Company ) or Distribution company. Municipality level India level BEE initiated 175 municipalities about DSM.

19. Mr.C.Anandhakumar , AP / EEE, SRIT ENERGY AUDITING AND MANAGEMENT Schemes of BEE under the EC act – 2001 Conti… BLY: ( Bachat Lamp Yojana ) – “ Save Lamp Scheme” Replacement of Incandescent lamp to CFL In CDM (Clean Development Mechanism) is used to recover the cost difference. BYL is designed as a Public – private partnership between GoI , Investors/private sector CFL suppliers and state level Electricity DISCOMs Private sellers sell the CFL at 15 Rs within a designated project area in DISCOMs region. The suppliers / investors are selected by the DISCOM from the list of BEE 60 – 100 W incandescent lamp is replaced by 11-15 and 20-25 W CFL. If we do the above replacement 80% energy is saved (without affect of lumen intensity). 50 projects are there in India 43 have been implemented. 29.5 million CFLs have been distributed during XI plan period. SME – Promoting Energy efficiency in Small and Medium Enterprises: Build the energy efficiency awareness by funding or subsidizing. BEE implement SME and the main objectives are, Knowledge sharing, capacity building, development of innovative financing mechanism. Purely market driven based Chemical – Ahmedabad, Textile – Surat , rice milling – Warangal,

20. Mr.C.Anandhakumar , AP / EEE, SRIT ENERGY AUDITING AND MANAGEMENT Schemes of BEE under the EC act – 2001 Conti… Certification of Energy Managers and Auditors:

21. Mr.C.Anandhakumar , AP / EEE, SRIT ENERGY AUDITING AND MANAGEMENT Electricity Act 2003 Before enactment of this act 2003: Electricity supply in India was governed by India Electricity Act 1910 Electricity (supply) act 1948 . Electricity Regulatory commission act 1998 Objectives of Act 2003: Consolidate law relating to Generation, transmission, distribution, trading and use of electricity Take measures suitable for development of electricity industry. Promote competition Supply of Electricity to all areas Transparent policies regarding subsidies. Promote efficient and environmentally benign policies Establish CEA (Central Electricity Authority). Main Features of Electricity Act 2003 : Generation free from licensing Captive generation free from control Re-structuring of state electricity board Open access in transmission and distribution Stringent provisions for violations of grid discipline and theft of power. Supply to all areas Rationalization of Electricity tariff

22. Mr.C.Anandhakumar , AP / EEE, SRIT ENERGY AUDITING AND MANAGEMENT Electricity Act 2003 Important Parameters of Electricity Act 2003 Role of Government: Central government prepare the National Electricity policy and Tariff policy. Focus on rural area and permitting to implement stand alone system using non conventional energy The power distribution is through Panchayats , Cooperative Societies, non government organizations, franchisees etc. If subsidy is given to any parties then it can be included in the budget. Rural Electrification : Goal of Govt is to provide supply to all villages / Hamlets No license is required for power generation and Distribution in rural area. Generation : Permission related issues in dam Co-generation Transmission : Load dispatch Distribution : Private licensing Renewable Energy: RPO (Renewable Purchase Obligation) by state Electricity regulatory commission (SERC) Internationally – RPS (Renewable Portfolio Standard)

23. Mr.C.Anandhakumar , AP / EEE, SRIT ENERGY AUDITING AND MANAGEMENT Electricity Act 2003 Role of Government: Central government prepare the National Electricity policy and Tariff policy. Focus on rural area and permitting to implement stand alone system using non conventional energy The power distribution is through Panchayats , Cooperative Societies, non government organizations, franchisees etc. If subsidy is given to any parties then it can be included in the budget. Rural Electrification : Goal of Govt is to provide supply to all villages / Hamlets No license is required for power generation and Distribution in rural area. Generation : Permission related issues in dam Co-generation Transmission : Load dispatch Distribution : Private licensing Renewable Energy: RPO (Renewable Purchase Obligation) by state Electricity regulatory commission (SERC) Internationally – RPS (Renewable Portfolio Standard)

24. Mr.C.Anandhakumar , AP / EEE, SRIT ENERGY AUDITING AND MANAGEMENT Integrated Energy Policy Overview: Power supply position in our country is usually characterized by Power Shortages Unreliability High prices for the industrial customers. India’s import oil range extend over 70%, this raises energy security concerns. Due to the above issues pricing related clarification is lagging, so we need some systems to formulate them So this Integrated energy policy is created. Main objective is Energy security Environmental issues Energy conservation Research and Development. India need to sustain 8% to 10% economic growth rate in the next 25 years. To achieve the 8% growth rate in 2030’s, we need to increase the primary energy supply by 3to 4 times and generation capacity by 6 to7 times. during 2032 the generation capacity is nearing 800000MW , current rate is 160000MW. Similarly the requirement of coal also increased to over 2 billion tonnes / annum

25. INSTRUMENTS AND METERING FOR ENERGY AUDIT Mr.C.Anandhakumar , AP / EEE, SRIT ENERGY AUDITING AND MANAGEMENT SOME OF THE INSTRUMENTS COMMONLY USED IN ENERGY AUDIT

26. INSTRUMENTS AND METERING FOR ENERGY AUDIT Mr.C.Anandhakumar , AP / EEE, SRIT ENERGY AUDITING AND MANAGEMENT SOME OF THE INSTRUMENTS COMMONLY USED IN ENERGY AUDIT

27. INSTRUMENTS AND METERING FOR ENERGY AUDIT Mr.C.Anandhakumar , AP / EEE, SRIT ENERGY AUDITING AND MANAGEMENT SOME OF THE INSTRUMENTS COMMONLY USED IN ENERGY AUDIT

28. INSTRUMENTS AND METERING FOR ENERGY AUDIT Mr.C.Anandhakumar , AP / EEE, SRIT ENERGY AUDITING AND MANAGEMENT SOME OF THE INSTRUMENTS COMMONLY USED IN ENERGY AUDIT