Energy Resources. ( B. Pharmacy, 1st Year, Sem-II) Natural Resources

In Bachelor of Pharmacy course, Class- 1st year, sem-II Subject EVS having topic of Energy Resources under the point Natural Resources. Following Presentation contain total information about the energy resources like Introduction of energy resources, Non-renewable, Renewable Energy resources with examples as well as deep explanations of coal, oil, petroleum, solar energy , wind energy , Conservation of Natural resources etc. Students having deep knowledge about energy resources after studying this presentation.

1. ENERGY RESOURCES 1 st Year, Sem-II, B. Pharmacy Presented by- Prof. Shubhangi Sonawane SVPM’s College of Pharmacy. Malegaon Bk-413115

2. Today’s Focus Introduction & Types of Energy Non-renewable Energy Sources Renewable Energy Sources Conservation of Energy Resources

3. Energy Resources Growing energy needs: Population explosion, Luxurious life, Industries, Agriculture, mining, transportation , lighting, cooling, heating, building all need energy. Fossil fuels like coal, oil, natural gas produce 95% of energy Sources of energy. Types of Energy - There are 3 main types of energy resources : N on-renewable Renewable Nuclear

4. Non-renewable Energy Resources – Resources which have accumulated in nature over a long span of time and cannot be quickly replenished when exhausted . e.g.- coal , petroleum, natural gas Secondary: Petrol, electrical energy, coal burning Renewable Energy R esources – R esources which can be generated continuously in nature and are in exhaustible and can be used again endlessly. e.g.- Tidal , Solar, wind, hydropower, biomass , biofuel, geothermal .

5. Non-renewable Energy Resources – They consist of mineral based hydrocarbon 'fossil fuels' due to fossilization of ancient forests. coal , oil natural gas formed

6. Coal It is a hydrocarbon having high calorific value. It is obtained from earth crust by mining process. Man has exploited over 200 billion tones of coal. In India coal reserves occur in Bihar. Jharkhand, Madhya Pardesh , Orissa, W. Bengal , Maharashtra, etc. The major coalfields are Raniganj , Jharia , East and West Bokaro , Panch Konkam ( Tawa Valley).

7. WITH THE HELP OF YOUR TEACHER OR CARER, TEST WHETHER YOUR SUGGESTIONS AND DRAWINGS WILL MAKE THE BULB LIGHT USING ACTUAL BATTERIES, A SMALL LIGHTBULB, AND WIRES. According to their colorific values, various types of coal are : Peat : Low organic matter, high moisture content, 20-30% Calorific value , first stage of coal formation . ( b) Lignite (brown coal): less moisture content, 30-50% calorific value . ( c) Bituminous (soft coal): soft, 60-70% calorific value . ( d) Anthracite (hard coal): hard, 80-90% calorific value, emits very less smoke .

8. Mining and transportation of coal is costly. Burning of coal produces large quantity of ash which causes problem of its disposal Oxides of nitrogen and sulphur cause acid rains. A large amount of fly-ash, unburnt fuel particles and some metal oxides are also thrown in the atmosphere. Thermal power plants produce hot water which causes thermal pollution. Limitations and Environmental Effects:

9. Oil or Petroleum: Crude oil or petroleum is a dark brown viscous liquid containing hydrocarbon. Saudi Arabia has 25% of world's oil reserves This highly prized fossil fuel influences the world economy, causes political tension, instability and war. In India, there are about 80 crore tones of oil reserve. O il is purified and refined in oil refineries by fractional distillation technique to obtain petrol, diesel, petroleum gas, kerosene oil, wax, etc. Petroleum gas is used for cooking and other domestic purposes as LPG (Liquefied Petroleum Gas). Petrochemical industries are based upon various petrochemical products for manufacturing fertilizers, detergents, plastics, etc.

10. Oil or Petroleum: Advantages Main fuel for transport vehicles, aero planes, etc ( b) It is a cleaner fuel as compared to coal having no solid wastes except smoke particles . ( c) It is easier to transport as compared to coal . Limitations and Environmental Effects : Its reserves are limited in India as well as world . ( b) Automobile exhaust is the main source of urban pollution producing pollutants like carbon monoxide, oxides of nitrogen and sulphur, lead , aldehyde, etc Exhaust also causes smog along with the dust and water vapors.

11. R enewable Energy Resources – Renewable energy is energy that is produced from natural processes and continuously replenished.  They are usually less polluting. e.g. hydropower, Solar, Wind geothermal fuel wood, biomass , biogas.

12. Types of Renewable Energy Solar energy Wind energy Hydroelectric energy Biomass energy Hydrogen and fuel cells Geothermal power Tidal energy

13. Solar Energy:   Solar energy is energy provided by the Sun in the form of solar radiation. Every day the Sun radiates, or sends out, an enormous amount of energy. This Radiant energy has powered life on earth for millions of years and is one of the most important source of energy for life forms. Many technologies can harvest it directly to produce solar electricity for use in homes and businesses globally . Solar energy is radiant light and heat from the Sun, and can be harnessed using a range of technologies such as - S olar radiant energy S olar photovoltaic S olar thermal electricity. 

14. Solar Radiant E nergy   Solar Radiant or light energy is produced in the Sun as a result of nuclear fusion reactions and is transmitted to the earth through space by electromagnetic radiation in quanta or packets of energy called  photons . This light energy can be utilized by a process called photovoltaic, which produces electricity directly (Photo meaning light and voltaic relating to electricity). This process is being used more and more as the technology is developed and becomes more economic. It is used widely in solar powered calculators and other devices.

15. Wind Energy   Wind is a renewable energy source because it is not depleted when used. Because nature constantly replenishes the wind, we can continue to harness its power without worrying about running out of it. Today’s modern equivalent of the windmill, the wind turbine, can use the wind’s energy to generate electricity. Most wind turbines have three blades mounted to a tower made from tubular steel. The towers rise 100 feet or more above the ground to take advantage of the faster wind speeds from higher altitudes.

16. Wind Energy   Advantages- (ⅰ) It is a renewable source of energy and causes no pollution . ( ii) It can generate power in remote areas where other sources are not available . ( iii) It is easily manageable and cheap . ( iv) It can run water pumps, flour mills and electric turbines to generate Limitations and Environmental Impacts: Wind does not always blow with required intensity or in desired direction all the year round . Wind energy is not available in all the regions .( The principal problems are bird kills, noise pollution, effect on TV reception and visual or aesthetic impact .( Wind is an intermittent source of energy and requires some other backup or standby electricity source

17. Conservation of Energy Resources: Growing consumption of energy in developing nations like India and non-renewability of fossil fuels necessitate the conservation of energy resources on priority basis. Energy conservation should be considered from different aspects as follows : Protection of oil installations from fire will prevent the wastage and damage of property and life . Encouraging the use of biogas instead of biomass can save energy and environment from pollution . Using smokeless and fuel efficient chullas will save fuel wood and will also reduce air pollution . Wastage of electricity should be avoided by using fans and lights only when needed. Houses should be designed to get maximum natural light in rooms and fresh air due to cross ventilation . Using cycles and rickshaws for short distances

18. Conservation of Energy Resources : ( vi) Use of fuel efficient irrigation pumps in agricultural sector . ( vii) Minimum or zero tillage practices in agriculture can reduce the use of tractors that can save energy as well as cost of cultivation. ( viii) Using the most energy efficient lights and various electrical appliances can save energy and money. ( ix) Using solar heaters, solar cookers and solar cells etc. is much economical . ( x) Educating the public about the needs and modes of energy saving . ( xi) Control of population growth will automatically reduce the utilization of energy.

19. THANK YOU 1 st Year, Sem-II, B. Pharmacy Prof. Shubhangi Sonawane SVPM’s College of Pharmacy. Malegaon Bk-413115