energy scenario in the context of nepal.pptx

Energy engineering , scope and scenario in nepal

1. ENERGY SCENARIO AND ENERGY CRISIS IN NEPAL

2. NEPAL AT A GLANCE Capital Kathmandu Government Republic Share of Rural-Population 81% Share of Urban-Population 19% Population Density 197 people per km² Average Household Size 5.7 Persons GDP (nominal) $14.721 billion (2010) GDP per Capita $522 GNI per Capita $468.10 By: RUJAN TIMSINA, Energy Engineering 6/26/2024 2

3. ENERGY SITUATION According to the Water and Energy Commission Secretariat (WECS) Nepal's total energy consumption in the year 2008/09 was about 401 million GJ. The use of primary energy sources is distributed as follows Biomass 87% Petroleum Products 8% Hydropower 2.5% Coal 2% By: RUJAN TIMSINA, Energy Engineering 6/26/2024 3

4. New renewable energy sources such as biogas, micro hydro and solar energy contributed about 0.7% to the national balance in 2008/09 altogether. Although the share is still small, it has increased by 40 % since 2005 Between 2001 and 2009, the total energy consumption was growing at a rate of 2.4 % per year in average. Although there is a considerable lack of efficiency in energy use, Nepal accounts for relatively low CO2 emissions compared to other countries in the region. The electricity consumption and the number of consumers increase at a rate of approximately 9 % per year, according to the Nepal Electricity Authority (NEA) By: RUJAN TIMSINA, Energy Engineering 6/26/2024 4

5. BIOMASS CONSUMPTION IN NEPAL By: RUJAN TIMSINA, Energy Engineering 6/26/2024 5

6. By: RUJAN TIMSINA, Energy Engineering 6/26/2024 6

7. BIOMASS Biomass is by far the most important primary energy source in Nepal. Biomass comprises wood, agricultural residues and dung. 95 % of the biomass is predominantly and traditionally used for cooking and heating purposes in households. The estimated wood consumption in 2005 was about 17 million tons. Over-exploitation of wood resources is declared to be approximately 10 million tons. This indicates that only about 40 % of the firewood comes from sustainable supply. By: RUJAN TIMSINA, Energy Engineering 6/26/2024 7

8. PRODUCTION AND REQUIREMENT CHART By: RUJAN TIMSINA, Energy Engineering 6/26/2024 8

9. PICTURE GALLERY By: RUJAN TIMSINA, Energy Engineering 6/26/2024 9

10. PETROLEUM Petroleum is the second largest energy fuel in Nepal after firewood and accounts for 8% of primary energy consumption in Nepal. Almost 100% of petroleum products are imported from India. At the moment, the import of petroleum products is transacted exclusively between the “Nepal Oil Corporation” and the “Indian Oil Corporation”. Due to the high energy demand in the country the dependence on petroleum imports is increasing By: RUJAN TIMSINA, Energy Engineering 6/26/2024 10

11. In 2006, Nepal had to spend 53 % of its foreign currency for importing petroleum products which is almost double than 2001. More than 62 % of the petroleum products are used in the transportation sector Besides that, petroleum products constitute important energy sources for cooking purposes in households By: RUJAN TIMSINA, Energy Engineering 6/26/2024 11

12. NEPAL OIL CORPORATION NEPAL By: RUJAN TIMSINA, Energy Engineering 6/26/2024 12

13. PETROLEUM CRISIS IN NEPAL By: RUJAN TIMSINA, Energy Engineering 6/26/2024 13

14. Current Profit (+) / Loss (-) of Petroleum Products as per IOC's Rate of 2012-06-18 Petrol (MS) 11.88/ Ltr Diesel (HSD) -1.20/ Ltr Kerosene (SKO)8.45/ Ltr Aviation Turbine Fuel (JET A-1)15.84/ Ltr (Duty Paid) Aviation Turbine Fuel (JET A-1)27.23/ Ltr (Bonded) LP Gas -453.07/ cyl Estimated Total loss of this month June 2012- NRs. 13.09 crore By: RUJAN TIMSINA, Energy Engineering 6/26/2024 14

15. THE ELECTRICITY SECTOR The state owned Nepalese Electricity Authority (NEA) is responsible for the electricity supply through the national grid Electricity supply is limited to 48 % of the population ( MoE 2007) which lives mainly in urban areas. Only 8 % of people in rural areas have access to electricity. The NEA as the major electricity utility faces an immense increase in electricity demand, whereas at the same time production and transmission capacities are limited. By: RUJAN TIMSINA, Energy Engineering 6/26/2024 15

16. Production is heavily dependent on hydropower, as nearly 83% of the total electricity is generated by either NEA-owned or private hydropower In 2008/09 consumption of electricity was almost balanced between industrial (manufacturing) sector (37.37 %) and households (45.52 %), while the commercial sector consumed only 6.6 %. Around 28 % of electricity produced in Nepal in the year 2005 was consumed in the Kathmandu Valley alone. By: RUJAN TIMSINA, Energy Engineering 6/26/2024 16

17. SUPPLY AND DEMAND By: RUJAN TIMSINA, Energy Engineering 6/26/2024 17

18. SUPPLY AND DEMAND GAP By: RUJAN TIMSINA, Energy Engineering 6/26/2024 18

19. POWER SHORTAGE AND LOAD SHEDDING During dry-season Nepal’s dependence on hydropower becomes obvious, forcing the NEA to cut power in Kathmandu up to 16 hours per day (as in April 2011). The situation has even worsened as only two hydropower plants with an installed capacity of 92 MW are storage types, while the rest are run-off river plants Coping with load-shedding is challenging both the industrial and commercial sector.Newspapers report, that manufacturing industrieshave to cut their production between 25 and 80 % in peak times. By: RUJAN TIMSINA, Energy Engineering 6/26/2024 19

20. Coal accounts for 2 % of the total energy consumption and is almost exclusively consumed by the industrial sector, primarily for heating and boiling processes in brick, lime and cement production as well as in steel processing. Apart from some minor coal reserves, coal for industrial needs is imported from India. In the year 2008/09, Nepal imported about 293,000 tons of coal. COAL By: RUJAN TIMSINA, Energy Engineering 6/26/2024 20

21. Source:   United States Energy Information Administration By: RUJAN TIMSINA, Energy Engineering 6/26/2024 21

22. REFERENCES Rijal.k.1998,’Renewable Energy Technologies:A Brighter Future’ Policy Options for Mountaincommunities in HKH and Agenda for Action in Nepal prepared for ICIMOD .Nepal Pokharel , S, 1998, Energy in Nepal. Prepared for the Nepal National Committee Of the World Energy Council and circulated in the 17th World Energy Congress,Houston , Waterand Energy Commission Secretariat, P.O. Box 1340, Kathmandu,Nepal Annual report of Nepal Electricity Authority www.nea.org.np Official website of Nepal oil corporation Wikipedia.org Annual Emission Reduction Report for Project Activity 1 of CDM Project in Biogas Support Programme of Nepal Ronald B. Swenson,2007,’Biofuels: Science or Fiction?’ www.solartoday.org By: RUJAN TIMSINA, Energy Engineering 6/26/2024 22