Engineering Application of Liquid Nitrogen Fire Extinguishing System in Lithium-ion Battery Energy Storage Power Station - Simplified(1) (1).pptx

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1. R&D and Engineering Application of Liquid Nitrogen Fire Extinguishing System for Lithium-ion Battery Energy Storage Power Station Nanjing Huichuan Enersafe Technology Development Co.,Ltd .

2. High cooling capacity: 1 kg of liquid nitrogen heated to 25°C can absorb 430 kJ of energy Strong asphyxiation capacity: 1 m3 of liquid nitrogen heated to 25°C can generate 717 m3 of nitrogen gas Liquid nitrogen explosion suppression and fire extinguishing has outstanding advantages such as cooling, explosion suppression, inerting , and total flooding. Boiling point: -196.56 °C Gas-liquid ratio: 696 (21°C) Density: 0.807Kg/L Latent heat of vaporization: 161kJ/L GWP, ODP value: 0 Physical properties of liquid nitrogen Liquid nitrogen fire extinguishing mechanism Liquid nitrogen diffusion extinguishing Mechanism of Liquid Nitrogen Explosion Suppression and Fire Extinguishing

3. Liquid Nitrogen Fire Extinguishing Experiment

4. Study on the Comprehensive Performance of Lithium Battery Fire Extinguishing Agent-Conclusion on Fire Extinguishing Ability Evaluation The 10 most common fire extinguishing agents: water column, fine water mist, dry powder, carbon dioxide, heptafluoropropane , water-based fire extinguishing agent, 3% aqueous film-forming foam, perfluorohexanone , hydrogel, and liquid nitrogen were used as evaluation samples to assess their fire extinguishing performance in extinguishing lithium battery fires. The scores of various fire extinguishing agents are shown in the following table. Full score: 1 point Index Water column Fine water mist Dry powder Carbon dioxide Heptafluoropropane Water-based Aqueous film-forming foam Perfluorohexanone Hydrogel Liquid nitrogen Fire extinguishing time 0.4 0.58 0.1 0.72 1 0.85 0.9 1 1 1 Reignition situation 0.2 0.5 0.2 0.9 0.7 0.3 0.8 1 1 Cooling rate 0.36 0.42 0.1 0.1 0.7 0.5 0.38 0.86 0.95 1 Suppression of heating rate 0.4 0.75 0.3 1 0.8 0.45 0.9 1 1 Indirect economic losses 0.7 0.8 0.2 0.86 1 0.65 0.52 1 0.6 1 Liquid nitrogen fire extinguishing agent has outstanding advantages such as cooling, explosion suppression, suffocation, inerting , and total flooding, and has the best fire extinguishing performance.

5. Study on Cold Damage of Liquid Nitrogen to Batteries After the liquid nitrogen fire extinguishing experiment, the battery voltage was normal near the end, and there was no visible change in appearance. The battery was charged and discharged 10 times after the test and the battery performance was normal . 。 Rapid low-temperature freezing of lithium-ion batteries does not affect battery performance Thomas R.B. Grandjean and others from the University of Warwick in the UK conducted an in-depth study on the effect of low-temperature freezing on battery performance . The results showed that no matter NCM system battery or NCA system battery , low temperature freezing would not deteriorate the capacity and internal resistance of the battery . The results were published in the Journal of Energy Storage under the title Cycle life of lithium ion batteries after flash cryogenic freezing .

6. Liquid Nitrogen Early Warning Explosion Suppression Fire Extinguishing System Liquid nitrogen fire extinguishing system Fire detection system Ventilation and smoke exhaust system Water spray system Fire fighting auxiliary system Cabin-level smoke detector Audible and visual alarm Fire alarm Emergency stop button Electric shutter Degassing indicator light Pack-level sprinkler Liquid nitrogen cluster-level branch pipe Liquid nitrogen fire extinguishing controller Liquid nitrogen compartment-level main pipe Fire alarm controller UPS power supply Pressure relief port Fire spray system Smoke exhaust fan Cabin-level heat detector Explosion-proof combustible gas detector Pack-level detector

7. System Working Principle The detectors in the system can sense fire signals . The detectors can sense the action of the puncture valve in the battery cell and send out a fire alarm signal . After the detector sends out a fire alarm signal, the alarm controller in the system will receive the signal and process it, usually through audible and visual alarm devices to remind people to evacuate . After receiving the fire signal, the alarm controller will report the fire alarm information to the upper-level fire switchboard and start the liquid nitrogen fire extinguishing controller at the same time. The liquid nitrogen fire extinguishing system starts and transports the liquid nitrogen to the corresponding fire extinguishing area through the preset pipe network. The system can also be turned on manually by the fire alarm button, etc. The system consists of liquid nitrogen fire extinguishing device, fire alarm controller, fire detector, piercing valve group, smoke exhaust fan, pressure relief window, water spray, exhaust do not enter indicator light, emergency start and stop button, fire power supply, audible and visual alarm, etc. Gas detection Fire Heat detection Smoke detection Personnel alarm Pre-start linkage dry contact Fan blade linkage shutdown Audible and visual alarm outside the cabin Start audible and visual alarm and linkage Manual operation Alarm linkage dry contact Audible and visual alarm inside the cabin No entry during deflation indicator Yes Heat detection Start linkage dry contact Start fire extinguishing procedure Delay stop Emergency stop Emergency stop Yes No No Manual mode All alarms Select mode Automatic mode Stop or not Fire extinguishing Smoke detection Control Dry contact N Fire alarm controller for energy storage power station Fire alarm button Audible and visual alarm Liquid nitrogen explosion suppression and fire extinguishing controller Fire switchboard in the station Logic expansion module Detector 1 Start Puncture Valve Others Others Others EMS system Emergency start-stop switch Detector 2 Detector N Dry contact

8. System Process and Equipment Introduction- Explosion Suppression and Fire Extinguishing Controller Liquid nitrogen storage : unique liquid nitrogen storage technology, reducing volatilization and leakage, annual volatilization rate ≤1% ; Liquid nitrogen monitoring: The stored liquid nitrogen can be sensed in real time through the pressure sensor Liquid nitrogen replenishment: If liquid nitrogen is used for fire fighting, the liquid nitrogen tank can be replenished through the standard interface Mechanical emergency operation: various manual operating mechanisms in emergency situations Alarm self-starting system Fire Fire alarm and fire extinguishing controller Electrical manual operation Fire alarm display Audible and visual alarm Evacuate personnel from protected zone Spray display Mechanical emergency operation Delay start Open container valve Extinguishing agent spraying Equipment linkage Fire extinguishing Personnel discovery Fire detector

9. Layout Diagram of Liquid Nitrogen Fire Extinguishing System of Energy Storage Cabin

10. Application and Deployment Method Centralized Deployment Protection Distributed Deployment Protection Single cabinet-level protection or container-level protection

11. Energy Storage Fire Safety Solution - Distributed The fire safety solution for distributed PACK-level + container-level energy storage power stations equips the energy storage cabin with a set of fire warning and liquid nitrogen explosion suppression and fire extinguishing systems. A single battery module is used as a protection zone, and the liquid nitrogen fire extinguishing device provides graded protection for each battery pack box and the energy storage cabin space. The main devices such as the liquid nitrogen controller can be arranged inside the container, or outside the container. The specific arrangement method is selected according to the space inside the container and the actual application requirements. Intelligent linkage: The system intelligently links explosion-proof fans, shutters, pressure relief valves, etc. Efficient fire extinguishing: Rapidly extinguish open flames, extremely quickly reduce battery temperature, suppress combustible gas explosions, and the batteries do not reignite Independent operation: The single-cabin energy storage fire protection system can operate independently Early detection: Detect characteristic gases 5-15 minutes earlier than other detection methods PACK-level protection: Each pack is equipped with detectors and nozzles to achieve point-to-point precise fire extinguishing and explosion suppression Graded warning: Real-time monitoring of thermal runaway status, graded warning automatic control

12. Energy Storage Fire Safety Solution - Centralized The centralized fire safety solution is designed for multiple container energy storage sites and is equipped with a large capacity of liquid nitrogen fire extinguishing agent. The core devices such as the liquid nitrogen controller are centrally arranged in the centralized fire suppression system outside the container, providing "Pack-level + container-level" all-round safety protection for the electrochemical energy storage cabinet. Site centralized (horizontal layout) deployment diagram Site centralized (stacked layout) deployment diagram Precise protection: PACK-level protection uses small-volume micro-detectors to be implanted and arranged flexibly. Point-to-point precision fire extinguishing and explosion suppression can be achieved in case of thermal runaway Intelligent linkage: The system automatically activates the fire alarm module and links the explosion-proof fan, shutters, pressure relief valve, etc. Digital management: Digital management, establishing an iot monitoring cloud platform, and mining the digital assets of energy storage power stations Economic use: Multiple energy storage cabins are shared, and the protection objects are refined. Prevent the spread of fire and save resources at the same time

13. Energy Storage Fire Safety Solution- Centralized 1+3 centralized layout solution 1+5 centralized layout solution 1+9 centralized layout solution 1+N centralized layout solution

14. Main Application Scenarios Station buildings, medium and large energy storage sites (newly built, upgraded) Industrial and commercial energy storage Other applications (machine room, underground storage, archive room, cable trench, transformer room, etc.)

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