envi-sci- environmrntal science topics .pptx

environmental science

1. What Actually a Disaster is? ▶ A disaster can be defined as any occurrence that cause damage, ecological disruption, loss of human life, deterioration of health and health services on a scale, sufficient to warrant an extraordinary response from outside the affected community or area ▶ Examples:- Earthquake , Terrorism, Avalanche etc.

2. Types of Disaster ▶ Natural Disaster:- ▶ A natural disaster is a major adverse event resulting from natural processes of the Earth. A natural disaster can cause loss of life or property damage, and typically leaves some economic damage in its wake ▶ Examples:- Earthquake, Floods, Avalanche, Drought, Landslides, Tsunami etc.

3. Type of Disaster ▶ Manmade Disaster:- ( Anthropogenic disaster ) ▶ Anthropogenic disaster are those hazards caused directly or indirectly by human action or inaction. They can be contrasted with natural hazards Anthropogenic hazards may adversely affect humans, other organisms and biomes and eco- systems. ▶ Examples:- Criminality, Civil disorder, Terrorism, War, Engineering Hazards.

4. Landslides: ▶ A landslide, also known as a landslip, is a form of mass wasting that includes a wide range of ground movements, such as rockfalls, deep failure of slopes, and shallow debris flows. Landslides can occur in underwater, called a submarine landslide, coastal and onshore environments. Although the action of gravity is the primary driving force for a landslide to occur, there are other contributing factors affecting the original slope stability.

5. Avalanches: ▶ An avalanche (also called a snowslide or snowslip) is a rapid flow of snow down a sloping surface. Avalanches are typically triggered in a starting zone from a mechanical failure in the snowpack (slab avalanche) when the forces on the snow exceed its strength but sometimes only with gradually widening (loose snow avalanche). After initiation, avalanches usually accelerate rapidly and grow in mass and volume as they entrain more snow. If the avalanche moves fast enough some of the snow may mix with the air forming a powder snow avalanche, which is a type of gravity current. ▶ Slides of rocks or debris, behaving in a similar way to snow, are also referred to as avalanches .

6. Sinkholes: ▶ When natural erosion or human mining makes the ground too weak to support the structures built on it, the ground can collapse and produce a sinkhole. For example, the 2010 Guatemala City sinkhole which killed fifteen people was caused when heavy rain from Tropical Storm Agatha, diverted by leaking pipes into a pumice bedrock, led to the sudden collapse of the ground beneath a factory building.

7. Volcanic Eruption: ▶ Volcanoes can cause widespread destruction and consequent disaster in several ways. The effects include the volcanic eruption itself that may cause harmful explosion of the volcano or the fall of rock.

8. Earthquake: ▶ An earthquake is the result of a sudden release of energy in the Earth's crust that creates seismic waves. ▶ At the Earth's surface, earthquakes manifest themselves by vibration, shaking and sometimes displacement of the ground.

9. Floods: ▶ A flood is an overflow of water that 'submerges' land. Floods Directive defines a flood as a temporary covering by water of land which is usually not covered by water. In the sense of 'flowing water', the word may also be applied to the inflow of the tides. Flooding may result from the volume of water within a body of water, such as a river or lake, which overflows causing the result that some of the water escapes its usual boundaries.

10. T s unam i : ▶ A tsunami is also known as a seismic sea wave or as a tidal wave, is a series of waves in a water body caused by the displacement of a large volume of water, generally in an ocean or a large lake. ▶ Tsunamis can be caused by undersea earthquakes

11. Droughts: ▶ Drought is the unusual dryness of soil, resulting in crop failure and shortage of water and for other uses which is caused by significant low rainfall than average over a prolonged period. ▶ Hot dry winds, shortage of water, high temperatures and consequent evaporation of moisture from the ground can contribute to conditions of drought.

12. Wildfires: ▶ Wildfires are large fires which often start in wildland areas. ▶ Common causes include lightning and drought but wildfires may also be started by human negligence or arson. ▶ They can spread to populated areas and can thus be a threat to humans and property, as well as wildlife.

13. Components of Disaster Management Preparedness Response Recovery Prevention This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA

14. Disaster Preparedness ▶ It involves measures to ensure that communities and services are capable of coping with the effect of disaster.

15. EXAMPLE FOR DISASTER P R E P AREDNESS Community awareness and education Proper warning system Mutual aid arrangement Mock drill, training practice

16. Disaster Response It involves measures taken in anticipation of, during and immediately after a disaster to ensure that the effects are minimized.

17. EXAMPLE FOR DISASTER RESPONSE Implementing the disaster management plan Setting up medical camps and mobilizing resources Providing adequate shelter and sanitary facilities Development of search and rescue team

18. Disaster Recovery It involves measures, which support emergency affected areas in reconstruction of the physical infrastructure and restoration of economic and emotional well being. This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA-NC

19. EXAMPLE FOR DISASTER RECOVERY Counseling programme for those who lost the near ones Restoring services like roads, communication link Providing financial support employment Reconstructing damaged buildings

20. Prevention and Mitigation ▶ It involves measures to eliminate or reduce the incidence of severity of disasters.

21. EXAMPLE FOR PREVENTION AND M I T I G A TION Preventing habitation in risk zones Disaster resistant buildings

22. PRINCIPLES OF DISASTER MANAGEMENT Minimize casualties Prevent further casualties Rescue the victims First aid Evacuate Medical care Reconstruction

23. THANK YOU KENNEDY V. RODRIGUEZ