Environment and sustainable development

class 12

1. Environment and Sustainable Development Madan Kumar M.A.,M.A.,B.Ed.,M.Phil.,M.B.A.,

2. Introduction The economic development that we have achieved so far has come at a very heavy price-at the cost of environment quality. We have to bear in mind the adverse consequences of the past development path on our environment and consciously choose a path of sustainable development. Madan Kumar M.A.,M.A.,B.Ed.,M.Phil.,M.B.A.,

3. Environment According to Environment Protection Act, 1886 “ Environment includes water, air and land and the relationship which exists among and between water, air, land and human being and other creatures, plants, micro organisms and property.” Madan Kumar M.A.,M.A.,B.Ed.,M.Phil.,M.B.A.,

4. Function of Environment Environment supplies resources Environment assimilates (absorbs) waste Environment sustains life(by providing genetic and bio-diversity) Environment provides aesthetic services. Madan Kumar M.A.,M.A.,B.Ed.,M.Phil.,M.B.A.,

5. Environment crisis The environment is able to perform its functions without any interruption as long as the demand on these functions is within its carrying capacity. Carrying capacity me ans Extraction of resources should be less than the rate of regeneration of resources. Wastes generated are within the assimilating capacity of the environment. Madan Kumar M.A.,M.A.,B.Ed.,M.Phil.,M.B.A.,

6. Environment fails when The raising population of the developing countries and the affluent consumption and production standards of the developed world have placed a huge stress on the environment. Many resources have become extinct and the wastes generated are beyond the absorptive capacity of the environment Madan Kumar M.A.,M.A.,B.Ed.,M.Phil.,M.B.A.,

7. Jai guru dev Madan Kumar M.A.,M.A.,B.Ed.,M.Phil.,M.B.A.,

8. Reasons for environment crisis Global warming Ozone depletion Overuse and misuse of environmental resources. Opportunity cost of negative environmental impacts Supply demand reversal of environmental resources. Madan Kumar M.A.,M.A.,B.Ed.,M.Phil.,M.B.A.,

9. Jai guru dev Madan Kumar M.A.,M.A.,B.Ed.,M.Phil.,M.B.A.,

10. State of India’s Environment Natural resources of India The black soil of the Deccan Plateau is particularly suitable for cultivation of cotton, The Indo-Gangetic plains – spread from Arabian Sea to the Bay of Bengal – are one of the most fertile ,densely populated India forests provide natural cover for its wildlife Large deposits of iron-ore, coal and natural gas are found in the country. India accounts for nearly 20% of the world’s total iron-ore reserves Bauxite ,copper , chromate ,diamonds,gold,lead,lignire,maganese,zinc,uranium…..are also available developmental activities resulted in pressure on its natural resources and human health. Madan Kumar M.A.,M.A.,B.Ed.,M.Phil.,M.B.A.,

11. Environmental degradation Pollution Degradation of natural resources Biodiversity loss Management of fresh water and solid waste Madan Kumar M.A.,M.A.,B.Ed.,M.Phil.,M.B.A.,

12. Jai guru dev Madan Kumar M.A.,M.A.,B.Ed.,M.Phil.,M.B.A.,

13. Pollution Madan Kumar M.A.,M.A.,B.Ed.,M.Phil.,M.B.A.,

14. Air pollution Vehicular emission are of particular concern since these are ground level sources and this, have the maximum impact on general population. The number of motor vehicles has increased from about 3 lakh in 1951 to nearly 67 crore in 2003. personal transport vehicles constitute about 80% of the total number of registered vehicles in 2003, contributing significantly to total air pollution load. Madan Kumar M.A.,M.A.,B.Ed.,M.Phil.,M.B.A.,

15. Water pollution Water pollution means presence of water pollutants in the water which are harmful for the quality of water and which affect adversely the aquatic ecosystem The major sources of water pollution are Domestic sewage Agricultural waste materials Industrial waste Madan Kumar M.A.,M.A.,B.Ed.,M.Phil.,M.B.A.,

16. Noise pollution Noise pollution means discomfort and irritation caused by unwanted sounds The major sources of noise pollution are Sound produced by heavy machines Sound produced by automobiles Sound produced by explosive, fireworks, loudspeaker Sound produced by street noises Sound produced by wind ,oceans etc., Madan Kumar M.A.,M.A.,B.Ed.,M.Phil.,M.B.A.,

17. Degradation of Natural Resources Deforestation Land degradation (decline in fertility of land) Madan Kumar M.A.,M.A.,B.Ed.,M.Phil.,M.B.A.,

18. Biodiversity loss The high density of population livestock and the competing uses of land for agricultural forestry, human settlements, industries etc., exert and enormous pressure on the country’s finite resources, which put a strain on the eco-system resulting in extinction of plants and animal species. This loss is known as bio-diversity Madan Kumar M.A.,M.A.,B.Ed.,M.Phil.,M.B.A.,

19. Bio diversity loss After independence, economic reforms caused rapid industrialization, growing townships and urbanization. this has led to destruction of habitats and bio-diversity sites. Per capita forests land in the country is only 0.08 hectare to meet basic needs, resulting in an excess felling of about 15million cubic meter forests over the permissible limit resulting in loss of habitats for animals and wild life. Estimate of soil erosion show that soil is being eroded at a rate of 5.3 billion tones a year for the entire country as a result of which a country loses 0.8 million tones of nitrogen,1.8 million tones of phosphorus ad 26.3 million tones of potassium every year. According to government of India the quantity of nutrients lost due to erosion each year ranges from 5.8 to 8.4 million tones. Some people did try to stop indiscriminate cutting of trees through some movement like Chipko and Appiko . Madan Kumar M.A.,M.A.,B.Ed.,M.Phil.,M.B.A.,

20. Jai guru dev Madan Kumar M.A.,M.A.,B.Ed.,M.Phil.,M.B.A.,

21. Management of fresh water and solid waste In India, availability of fresh and clean water is very low. Nearly 70% of water in India is polluted There is also lack of planning and management of solid waste, garbage is not property collected and in some places the garbage is dumped in open areas or into landfills which is not only visibly ugly but also causes diseases like dengue, malaria etc., Madan Kumar M.A.,M.A.,B.Ed.,M.Phil.,M.B.A.,

22. Causes or factors of environmental degradation High growth rate of population Increasing urbanization Rapid industrialization Poverty Increase in pollution Increase in use of insecticides, pesticides and fertilizers Massive overuse and misuse of environmental resources. Madan Kumar M.A.,M.A.,B.Ed.,M.Phil.,M.B.A.,

23. Measures to control environmental degradation Population control Pollution control Eradication of poverty Creating awareness among masses Management of solid waste Developing urban areas Suitable pattern of economic growth Adopting sustainable development. Madan Kumar M.A.,M.A.,B.Ed.,M.Phil.,M.B.A.,

24. Jai guru dev Madan Kumar M.A.,M.A.,B.Ed.,M.Phil.,M.B.A.,

25. Sustainable development Madan Kumar M.A.,M.A.,B.Ed.,M.Phil.,M.B.A.,

26. Sustainable Development Madan Kumar M.A.,M.A.,B.Ed.,M.Phil.,M.B.A.,

27. Sustainable development Madan Kumar M.A.,M.A.,B.Ed.,M.Phil.,M.B.A.,

28. The United Nations Conference on Environment and Development defined as “ development that meet the need of the present generation without compromising the ability of the future generation to meet their own needs “ Madan Kumar M.A.,M.A.,B.Ed.,M.Phil.,M.B.A.,

29. Features of SD Sustained rise in per capita income (real) and economic welfare Ability of future generations to meet their needs Rational use of environmental resources Control on pollution Madan Kumar M.A.,M.A.,B.Ed.,M.Phil.,M.B.A.,

30. Steps and strategies for sustainable development Limiting the human population to a level within the carrying capacity of the environment. Technological progress should be input efficient and not input consuming Renewable resources should be extracted on a sustainable basis, that is, rate of extraction should not exceed rate of regeneration. For non-renewable resources rate of depletion should not exceed the rate of creation of renewable substitutes Inefficiencies arising from pollution should be corrected. Madan Kumar M.A.,M.A.,B.Ed.,M.Phil.,M.B.A.,

31. Possible strategies to achieve SD in India. Use of non-conventional sources of energy Encouraging use of cleaner fuels Solar power through photovoltaic cells Setting mini hydel plants Traditional knowledge and practices Bio composting Biopest control Organic farming Madan Kumar M.A.,M.A.,B.Ed.,M.Phil.,M.B.A.,

32. Other measures Recycling the waste into compost and manure Creating awareness among masses about rational use of environmental resources Both producers and consumers should be conscious to be environment friendly. Madan Kumar M.A.,M.A.,B.Ed.,M.Phil.,M.B.A.,

33. Thank you Madan Kumar M.A.,M.A.,B.Ed.,M.Phil.,M.B.A.,