Environmental politics and climate change cop 28

It is based on cop 28 initiatives and it's effectiveness

1. COP 28 Bilal Ahmed

2. The COP28 UN Climate Change Conference in Dubai, the United Arab Emirates, was the biggest of its kind. Some 85,000 participants , including more than 150 Heads of State and Government, were among the representatives of national delegations, civil society, business, Indigenous Peoples, youth, philanthropy, and international organizations in attendance at the Conference from 30 November to 13 December 2023.

3. Importance decisions under COP 28 Global Stock Take COP28 was particularly momentous as it marked the conclusion of the first ‘global stock take’ of the world’s efforts to address climate change under the Paris Agreement.  Mitigation goals : A check on global temperature measures and monitor the progress Adaptation Implementation and finance

4. Key Highlights of the COP28? 1. Loss and Damage (L&D) Fund: COP28, member countries reached an agreement to operationalize the Loss and Damage (L&D) fund aimed at compensating countries grappling with climate change impacts. The World Bank will be the "interim host" of the fund for four years, aligning with UNFCCC and the Paris Agreement.

5. Framework on Transitioning from Fossil Fuels COP28 marks the first time that the conference explicitly acknowledges the need to address the source of emissions. The final declaration emphasizes transitioning away from fossil fuels in an equitable, just, and orderly manner to achieve net zero by 2050, despite strong opposition from oil-producing states and multinationals. This includes a call on governments to speed up the transition away from fossil fuels to renewables such as wind and solar power in their next round of climate commitments. Phase out and Phase down CO2 Agreement between UAE and Saudi Arabia on lowering reliance on oil and gas.

6. Credible Targets for Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Tripling global renewable energy capacity to 11,000 GW and doubling the rate of energy efficiency gains from 2% to 4% annually by 2030.

7. The Global Cooling Pledge for COP 28: It includes 66 national government signatories committed to working together to reduce cooling-related emissions across all sectors by at least 68% globally by 2050.

8. Coal Transition Accelerator: France, in collaboration with various countries and organizations, introduced the Coal Transition Accelerator. – Objectives include: • knowledge-sharing , policy design , and financial support to facilitate just transitions from coal to clean energy. Coalition for High Ambition Multilevel Partnership (CHAMP) for Climate Action: A total of 65 national governments signed CHAMP commitments to enhance cooperation, where applicable and appropriate, with subnational governments in the planning, financing, implementation, and monitoring of climate strategies .