Environmental Pollution

Basics about environmental pollution: types of pollutants, causes of pollution, consequences of pollution, human health effects, greenhouse effect, global warming, etc.

1. Presented By: Maga Ram Patel Department of Renewable Energy Engineering College of Technology and Engineering, MPUAT, Udaipur Presentation on “ Environmental Pollution”

2. Environmental pollution It is contamination of the environment as a result of human activity . It is an undesirable change in the physical, chemical and biological characteristics of any components of the environmental ( air , water, soil, etc.) which can cause harmful effects on various forms of life or property. It can be created naturally or artificial means .

3. Pollutant The presence of substance which causes pollution is know as pollutant . It is harmful solid, liquid, or gas present in such concentration which tends to be injurious to whole living habitat . Ex. Smoke, dust, CO, H2S, SO2, urea , sewage

4. Types of Pollutant Primary pollutant Secondary pollutant

5. Primary pollutant Pollutant that are emitted directly from identifiable sources and are produced by both natural event ( eg . Dust storm, volcanic eruptions) and human activities (emission from vehicles, industries etc ). These are called primary pollutant . There are five primary pollutants that together contribute to about 90% of the global air pollution . These are carbon oxides(CO and CO2), Nitrogen oxide(NO2) SO2, volatile organic compound (mostly hydrocarbon) and suspended particulate matter.

6. Secondary pollutant The pollutant that are produced in the atmosphere when certain chemical reaction take place among the primary pollutants are called secondary pollutants . Ex. H2SO4, HNO3(nitric acid), carbonic acid

7. Important pollutant Deposited matter: smoke, dust etc Gases : SO2, CO, H2S etc Chemical compounds Metals: Lead, iron, Zinc etc. Fertilizer: Urea, Ammonium sulphate etc Noise Sewage etc..

8. Causes of Pollution Human activity Population explosion Industries Automobiles Smoke Pesticides Fertilizers Sewage etc..

9. Greenhouse effect It can be defined as the progressive warming of the earth surface due to blanketing effect of man made CO2 in the atmosphere . As CO2 is opaque for thermal radiation and therefore absorb the heat of the earth. Hence the temperature of the earth increases . Four major greenhouse gases are: Carbon dioxide (CO2) Methane(CH4) Nitrous oxide(N2O) Chloroflurocarbon (CFCs)

10. Ozone depletion Ozone depletion, gradual thinning of  Earth ’s  ozone layer  in the upper  atmosphere  caused by the release of chemical  compounds   containing gaseous chlorine  or  bromine  from industry and other human activities.  Ozone depletion is a major environmental problem because it increases the amount of  ultraviolet (UV) radiation  that reaches Earth’s surface, which increases the rate of  skin cancer ,  eye cataracts , and genetic and  immune system  damage.

11. Types of pollution Air pollution Water pollution Noise pollution Land pollution Marine Pollution Thermal pollution Pesticide pollution Radioactive pollution

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