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1. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Environmental Pollution Water Pollution

2. INTRODUCTION Water pollution occurs when harmful substances—often chemicals or microorganisms—contaminate a stream, river, lake, ocean, aquifer, or other body of water, degrading water quality and rendering it toxic to humans or the environment. Water pollution is a major global problem.It has be suggested that water pollution is the leading worldwide cause of deaths and diseases, and that it accounts for the deaths of more than 14,000 people daily.

3. Causes of Water Pollution Urban development  Sewage & wastewater Mining Marine dumping Oil leakages Burning fossil fuels Agriculture: Chemical fertilizer &pesticides Sewer leakages Global warming Radioactive waste Animal waste Eutrophication  Acid rain

4. 1.Industrial waste: Industries produce huge amount of waste which contains toxic chemicals and pollutants which can causes water pollution as well as air pollution to our environment. They contain pollutants such as lead, mercury, sulphur , nitrates and many other harmful chemicals.

5. 2.Sewage and waste water The sewage and waste water that is produced by each household is chemically treated and released in to sea with fresh water. The sewage water carries harmful bacteria and chemicals that can cause serious health problems. Pathogens are known as a common water pollutant.

6. 3. Marine Oil Spilling: Oil spill pose a huge concern as large amount of oil enters into the sea and does not dissolve with water; there by opens problem for local marine wildlife such as fish, birds and sea otters. For e.g.: a ship carrying large quantity of oil may spill oil if met with an accident and can cause varying damage to species in the ocean depending on the quantity of oil spill, size of ocean, toxicity of pollutant.

7. 4.Radioactive Waste: Nuclear energy is produced using nuclear fission or fusion. The element that is used in production of nuclear energy is Uranium which is highly toxic chemical. The nuclear waste that is produced by radioactive material needs to be disposed off to prevent any nuclear accident. Nuclear waste can have serious environmental hazards if not disposed off properly.

8. 5.Chemical fertilizers and pesticides: Chemical fertilizers and pesticides are used by farmers to protect crops from insects and bacterias . They are useful for the plants growth. However, when these chemicals are mixed up with water produce harmful for plants and animals. Also, when it rains, the chemicals mixes up with rainwater and flow down into rivers and canals which pose serious damages for aquatic animals.

9. Effects of Water Pollution Ecosystems are destroyed by the rising temperature in the water, as coral reefs are affected by the bleaching effect due to warmer temperatures. Oil spills in the water causes animal to die when they ingest it. Oil does not dissolve in water so it causes suffocation in fish and birds Swimming in and drinking contaminated water causes skin rashes and health problems like cancer, reproductive problems, typhoid fever and stomach sickness in humans. Which is why it's very important to make sure that your water is clean and safe to drink.

10. Prevention and Control Wastewater Treatment Reducing Plastic Waste  Water Conservation Water-efficient Toilets  Septic Tanks Do Not Use the Toilet as a Trash Bin Stormwater Management Green Agriculture & Wetlands Denitrification Ozone Wastewater Treatment

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