Essential Amino acids.pptx

health

1. Essential Amino acids Trytophan , L ysine , M ethionine , Phenylalaine , T hreonine , Valine , Leucine , Isoleucine ,

2. 1. Isoleucine Functions Needed for haemaglobin formation Needed to stabilizing and regulating blood sugar levels Helps to maintain and regulate regular energy levels Needed to help maintain and repair muscle tissue

3. Food source Found in beef, chicken, chickpeas, eggs, fish, lentiles , rye, soy beans , almonds , milk, and pumpkin seeds . Deficiency May be associated with poor growth, muscle tremors , twitching of muscles and diabetes Possible Overdose effect May result in high ammonia levels and an hypoglycemic state

4. 2. Leucine Functions Stimulates insulin release Promotes wound healing Increases growth hormone production Regulates muscle protein synthesis Lowers brain levels of serotonin and dopamine Necessary for the optimal growth of infants and for the nitrogen balance in adults.

5. Food Source Found in brown rice , beans, meat, soy flour, whole wheat, fish, eggs, liver, chicken, corn almonds, and cashews Deficiency May cause or be associated with poor growth . Possible Overdose effect May contribute to pellagra and increase ammonia levels in the body, therefore moderation is called for.

6. 3. Lysine Functions Building block for all proteins Needed for proper growth and bone development in children Forms an important component of hormonal proteins Assists collagen formation and enzymes Aids in the production of antibodies Aids in tissue repair Aids in carnitine synthesis Helps the body absorb and conserve calcium Well known for its ability to prevent or overcome cold sore outbreaks It lowers serum triglyceride levels

7. Food Source Found in fish , chicken, brewers yeast, cheese, eggs, mung bean sprouts, soy and lima beans, and red meat Deficiency May be associated with anaemia, irritability, inability to concentrate, loss of weight, decreased growth, loss of bone calcium, fatigue, nausea, dizziness, infertility, poor immune function Possible Overdose effect M ay cause stomach cramps or diarrhea. In very large doses (10 to 30 grams a day), will increases the toxicity of aminoglycoside antibiotics, such as gentamicin , neomycin, and streptomycin.

8. 4. Methionine Functions Aids in the breakdown of fats preventing the development of atherosclerosis G ood source of sulfur which inactivates free radicals I t helps to detoxify heavy metals  It reduces histamine levels benefiting allergy sufferers Involved in the synthesis of choline Helps to initiate translation of messenger RNA Supplies sulfur and other compounds required by the body for normal metabolism and growth Reacts with adenosine triphosphate to form S- adenosyl methionine – which is principal methyl donor in the body and contributes to the synthesis of many important substances, including epinephrine and choline .

9. Food Source Eggs, beans, garlic, onions, meat, fish,lentils , soybeans, seeds, sardines and yoghurt . Deficiency May be associated with atherosclerosis, poor immunity, loss of appetite ,and choline deficiency Possible Overdose effect E xcessive methionine intake, together with inadequate intake of folic acid , vitamin B6 , and vitamin B12 , can increase the conversion of methionine to homocysteine —a substance linked to cardiovascular disease

10. 5 . Phenylalanine Function It is a precursor of tyrosine, which leads to the synthesis of dopamine, or adrenalin, thyroxine and melanin Capable of elevating mood, and decreasing pain Forms a constituent of enkephalins which are naturally occurring opinoid compounds Exhibit ultraviolet radiation absorption properties with a large extinction coefficient part of the composition of aspartame, a common sweetener found in prepared foods (particularly soft drinks, and gum ) plays a key role in the biosynthesis of other amino acids and some neurotransmitters.

11. Food Source soy beans, cottage cheese, fish, meat, nuts and lentils Deficiency R are metabolic disorder, eczema, developmental delay, an abnormally small head, hyperactivity symptoms include confusion, emotional agitation, depression, decreased alertness, decreased memory, behavioral changes, decreased sexual interest, bloodshot eyes, and cataracts. If not corrected by supplemental dietary phenylalanine and tyrosine, the deficiency may lead to restricted weight gain and stunted growth, osteopenia , anemia, alopecia, and even death.

12. Possible Overdose effect Toxicity is rare in dietary intake but large amounts in supplement form may play havoc with your blood pressure and cause headaches, nausea and heartburn. Large amounts of this nutrient may also cause nerve damage. Toxicity symptoms include increased blood pressure and emotional agitation, insomnia, headaches, and tyrosine toxicity.

13. 6. Threonine Functions H elp to maintain protein balance in the body Plays an important role in the formation of collagen and elastin Essential precursor of glycine , and serine Aids lipotropic function which helps to prevent fatty liver Is an immuino stimulant aiding in the production of antibodies An important component in the formation of tooth enamel Important for production of neurotransmitters and health of the nervous system

14. Food Source eggs, meat, milk, cheese and pork, dairy foods, grains, mushrooms, and leafy vegetables Deficiency Symptoms of threonine deficiency include emotional agitation, confusion, digestion difficulties and fatty liver Possible overdose effect can disrupt liver function, and cause the formation of too much urea, and consequently ammonia toxicity, in your body.

15. 7. Tryptophan Functions A precursor of Vitamin B3, melatonin, and serotonin- in this way it acts as a mood stabilizer, assists sleep, and helps to control hyperactivity in children. Relieves minor premenstrual symptoms Soothes nerves and anxiety Reduces carbohydrate cravings I nvolved in vasopressure regulation

16. Food Source Brown rice, soy protein , meat, peanuts, pumpkin seeds , fish, sesame seeds, chocolate, oats, bananas, dried dates, milk, cottage cheese, turkey. Less concentration is available in corn, cereal grains, legumes (peas and beans), flesh foods, eggs, dairy products, some nuts and seeds Deficiency Because tryptophan supplies part of vitamin B3 in the body, deficiency can increase risk of vitamin B3 deficiency . Deficiency in diet enhances the progress of the vitamin-deficiency disease pellagra. may lead to depression, insomnia, schizophrenia, suicidal thoughts and carbohydrate craving, contributing factor to heart artery spasms.

17. Possible Overdose effect O verdose include agitation, confusion, diarrhea, fever, overactive reflexes, poor coordination, restlessness, shivering, sweating, alking or acting with excitement you cannot control, trembling or shaking, twitching, and vomiting.

18. 8 . Valine Functions Needed for tissue repair Needed for muscle metabolism Needed to maintain nitrogen balance in the body Useful in treatments involving muscle, mental, and emotional upsets and for insomnia and nervousness . Help treat malnutrition associated with drug addiction P romote normal growth R epair tissues Regulate blood sugar Provide the body with energy. Helps stimulate the central nervous system Needed for proper mental functioning

19. Food Source Soy flour,  fish, beef, lamb, chicken, almonds, chick peas, lima beans, mushrooms. grains, and dairy products, peanuts, and soy protein Deficiency M ay also affect the myelin covering of the nerves, and cause degenerative neurological conditions. Possible Overdose effect M ay cause a skin crawling sensation and even hallucinations, can also disrupt liver and kidney function and increase the amount of ammonia in the body